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NCE > Human Growth and Development > Flashcards

Human Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Created universal stages of psychological development with each stage representing a qualitative difference in the way people think

A

Piaget

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2
Q

Concept that child constructs cognitive development

A

Constructivism

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3
Q

How a child constructs knowledge about the world

A

Scheme

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4
Q

patterns of organized thought or behavior

A

Schema

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5
Q

learn from an existing scheme (using cognitive structure that already exists)

A

Assimilation

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6
Q

modifying a scheme to incorporate new information (creating a new cognitive structure)

A

Accommodation

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7
Q

balance of assimilation and accommodation in a new situation

A

Equilibration

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8
Q

philosophy of the nature of knowledge

A

Genetic Epistemology

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9
Q

Piaget- 0-2 Years old

A

Sensorimotor

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10
Q

Piaget- 2-7 years old

A

Preoperational

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11
Q

Piaget 7-11 years old

A

Concrete Operational

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12
Q

Piaget 11+ years old

A

Formal Operational

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13
Q

Piaget’s 4 stages of Cognitive Development

A
  1. Sensorimotor
  2. Preoperational
  3. Concrete Operational
  4. Formal Operational
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14
Q

Piaget’s Stage: experiencing the world through senses, language used for demands and cataloguing, object permanence

A

Sensorimotor

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15
Q

Piaget’s Stage: symbolic thinking, use of syntax and grammar to express concepts, imagination and intuition, conservation, not using abstract thinking yet

A

Preoperational

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16
Q

Piaget’s Stage: concepts attached to concrete situations, time, space, quantity all understood and can be applied, but not as independent concepts

A

Concrete Operational

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17
Q

Piaget’s Stage: Theoretical, hypothetical, counterfactual thinking, abstract logic and reasoning, strategy and planning, applying learning from one context to another

A

Formal Operational

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18
Q

Demonstrated with beakers or water in different shapes

A

Conservation

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19
Q

Only ___% of adults ever make it to the formal operational stage.

A

50

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20
Q

THEE name in moral development who studied Piaget, but thought he needed more depth , so created his own Stages of Moral Development

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

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21
Q

2 terms-doing the right thing due to parents/teachers, etc.

A

Heteronomous Morality/Moral Realism

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22
Q

Understand rules are made by people and can be adjusted

A

Autonomous Morality

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23
Q

Kohlberg says Morality is a decision, not a ______.

A

Trait

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24
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg’s 6 Stages of Moral Development

A
  1. Avoiding Punishment
  2. Aiming at a Reward
  3. Good Boy and Good Girl Attitude
  4. Loyalty to Law and Order
  5. Justice and the Spirit or the Law
  6. Principled Thought: Universal Principles of Ethics
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25
Q

Kohlberg’s 3 Levels of Morality

A
  1. Preconventional
  2. Conventional
  3. Postconventional
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26
Q

Created a psychosocial theory of identity development; believed that developmental stages are genetically determined. Said: A person tries to become what a parent or significant other wants, but we should strive to be unique and autonomous

A

Erik Erikson

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27
Q

The belief that developmental stages are genetically determined

A

Maturationism

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28
Q

Development proceeds according to predetermined steps or stages

A

Epigenetic Development:

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29
Q

Erikson’s Stage: 0-18 months

A

Trust V. Mistrust

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30
Q

Erikson’s Stage: 18 mo.-3 years

A

Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt

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31
Q

Erikson’s Stage: 3-5 years

A

Initiative Vs. Guilt

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32
Q

Erikson’s Stage: 5-13 years

A

Industry Vs. Inferiority

33
Q

Erikson’s Stage: 13-21 years

A

identity Vs. Confusion

34
Q

Erikson’s Stage: 21-39 years

A

Intimacy Vs. Isolation

35
Q

Erikson’s Stage: 40-65

A

Generativity Vs. Stagnation

36
Q

Erikson’s Stage: 65 and older

A

Integrity Vs. Despair

37
Q

Virtue: Trust Vs. Mistrust

38
Q

Virtue: Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt

39
Q

Virtue: Initiative Vs. Guilt

40
Q

Virtue: Industry Vs. Inferiority

A

Competency

41
Q

Virtue: Identity Vs. Confusion

42
Q

Virtue: Intimacy Vs. Isolation

43
Q

Virtue: Generativity Vs. Stagnation

44
Q

Virtue: Integrity Vs. Despair

45
Q

Adolescents experimenting with roles can be called

A

Moratorium

46
Q

Caring about others is called

A

Generativity

47
Q

William G. Perry’s 4 stages of Intellectual Development

A
  1. Dualism- right or wrong
  2. Multiplicity- everyone has an opinion so we are all equal
  3. Relativism-reasoning through criteria/arguments
  4. Commitment- making choices and committing to solution, using context for certain choices
48
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A
  1. oral
  2. anal
  3. phallic
  4. latency
  5. genital
49
Q

Freud’s Stage: 0-12 months

A

Oral Stage

50
Q

Freud’s Stage: 1-3 years

A

Anal Stage

51
Q

Freud’s Stage: 3-6 years

A

Phallic Stage

52
Q

Freud’s Stage: 7-11 years

A

Latency Stage

53
Q

Freud’s Stage: Puberty onward

A

Genital Stage

54
Q

Freud’s Stage Conflict: clinging, addicted to TV, food, alohol

A

Oral Stage Conflict

55
Q

Freud’s Stage Conflict: too punitive/indulgent parents

A

Anal Stage

56
Q

compulsive, stingy, excessively neat and orderly, condascending

A

Anal Retentive

57
Q

messy, unclean, scatterbrained, impulsive, generous, poor handwriting

A

Anal Expulsive

58
Q

Stage in which people have castration anxiety, oedipus or elektra complex

59
Q

How are oedipus/Electra Complexes resolved?

A

The child identifies with the parent of the same sex rather than competing with them

60
Q

Stage in which the child is less self-centered and more interested in others

A

Genital Stage

61
Q

Freud’s Life Instinct and Death Instinct

A

Aros/Thanotos

62
Q

Harlow infant monkeys separated from mothers and given surrogates of wire and cloth

A

Maternal Stimulation

63
Q

Responsible for duckling imprinting= critical period, be attached to your mother now or never

A

Konrad Lorenz

64
Q

Ritualistic behaviors characteristic of a species elicited by a sign stimulus

A

Fixed Action Pattern

65
Q

Studied maternal bonding and attachment as well as birth order

66
Q

born children have an advantage over peers and the highest IQ, most likely to attend college, more conservative

67
Q

self-esteem highest,difficulty bonding with peers

A

Only Children

68
Q

study of mental changes over the lifespan

A

Developmental Psychology

69
Q

Theories that can be measured quantitatively

A

Empirical Theories

70
Q

changes are qualitative (Piaget is major proponent)

A

Organismic

71
Q

3 Basic approaches to human development

A
  1. Behaviorist
  2. Structuralism
  3. Innativism
72
Q

how much do genetic factors influence physical or mental condition

A

Heritability

73
Q

Responsible for Social Development Theory of Learning:
Thought and language can’t exist without each other;
Zone of Proximal Development

A

Lev Vygotsky

74
Q

1st few weeks of life, babies driven by primitive needs

A

Normal Autism

75
Q

Feels like a part of the mother - later results in independence

A

Symbiosis (2 months)

76
Q

5 Months to Age 3: develops a sense of self, crawling away but looking back frequently

A

Separation Individuation Period

77
Q

baby breaks out of “protective membrane” crawling away but looking back frequently

A

Psychological Birth

78
Q

alternate feelings of closeness and need of distance

A

Reproachment

NCE (9 decks)

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