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Human Geo > Human Geo Units 1&2 > Flashcards

Human Geo Units 1&2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of geographical knowledge?

A

declarative, procedural, conditional

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2
Q

What is declarative knowledge?

A

concepts, principles, facts

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3
Q

what is procedural knowledge?

A

knowing how to think; procedures and skills

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4
Q

what is conditional knowledge?

A

knowing when to use both declarative and procedural knowledge

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5
Q

what are the two types of perspectives in geography?

A

spatial and environmental

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6
Q

what are the 2 main types of maps?

A

reference maps, thematic maps

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7
Q

what are the 5 key types of geospatial data shown on thematic maps?

A

chloropleth, dots, graduated symbol, isoline, cartograms

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8
Q

what is an example of an absolute, quantitive measurement?

A

the distance from Nashville, Tennessee to Denver, Colorado is exactly 1 022 miles

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9
Q

what is an example of a relative, qualitative measurement?

A

my house is near the beach

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10
Q

what is a Mercator map projection and what does it do?

A

preserves shape but distorts size massively at higher altitudes, commonly used for navigation and in schools

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11
Q

what is the Gall-Peters map projection and what does It do?

A

preserves size but distorts shape- opposite of Mercator

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12
Q

what does it mean when a geographer is “out in the field”?

A

they are out collecting any type of data in the world

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13
Q

what is a census?

A

an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals

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14
Q

What is geographic information systems(GIS)?

A

a computer system that collects, stores, analyzes, and displays geographical data; many layers of information piled on top of each other; ex: first layer: where bodies of water are located, second layer: types of vegetations, third layer: whee the housing developments are, fourth layer: roadways, fifth layer: additional data, kind of like a lasagna

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15
Q

what is remote sensing?

A

informational gathering from space via satellites; gather information taking detailed scans of earth surface; used to analyze where droughts are occurring, urban sprawls, and how land is being used for different types of agriculture

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16
Q

absolute location

A

a way of describing the place using things that never change- latitude, longitude, exact distance; ubc is 10.6 km away from downtown Vancouver

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17
Q

relative location

A

a way of describing the place in relation to other places and the significance of the place; ubc is close to downtown Vancouver

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18
Q

place

A

a unique location; the cottage

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19
Q

flows

A

how different places interact with each other through by having people, goods, or information travel between them; natty and brendan when they have classes together

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20
Q

distance decay

A

the farther something is from something else, the fewer interaction those two places will have with each other

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21
Q

time-space compression

A

the reduction in time it takes for something to get from one place to another because of technology

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22
Q

pattern

A

how objects(houses, bus stops) are arranged in space

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23
Q

sustainability

A

actions that provide immediate benefits while also not fucking up natural resources so humans can use it in the future

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24
Q

natural resources

A

items produced in nature that can be used by humans

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25
Q

renewable resources

A

resources in nature that are produced faster than they are consumed by humans

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26
Q

nonrenewable resources

A

resources in nature that are produced slower than they are consumed by humans

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27
Q

what are the two theories of human-environmental interaction?

A

environmental determinism, possibilism

28
Q

environmental determinism

A

a theory that fuels eurocentric views that discounts humans abilities to create their own way of life: natural factors alone determine the cultural attributes of human societies

29
Q

possibilism

A

a rebuttal theory to environmental determinism- humans have developed technologies to overcome their environmental challenges

30
Q

what are the three pillars of sustainability?

A

environmental, society, economic; the three p’s

31
Q

what are the 3 kinds of regions?

A

formal, functional, perceptual

32
Q

perceptual/vernacular region

A

a region defined differently by each person based on their ideas or perceptions- the south

33
Q

functional/node region

A

these regions have a center of activity, or a node, and are often unified by transportation or communication networks; Guildford

34
Q

formal region

A

a uniformed region; regions that have a unifying physical or human characteristic such as the Southridge uniform

35
Q

what are the physical factors that affect where people live?

A

climate, landforms, waterbodies

36
Q

what are the human factors that affect where people live?

A

culture, history, politics, economics

37
Q

what are the three types of density?

A

arithmetic, physiological, agricultural

38
Q

arithmetic density

A

the number of people in a space per square mile or kilometer; Canadas is 4 people per square km

39
Q

physiological density

A

the number of people per unit of arable land

40
Q

agricultural density

A

the number of farmers per unit of arable land

41
Q

sex ratios

A

the number of males per 100 females

42
Q

crude birth rate(CBR)

A

the number of live births in an area for every 1000 people alive

43
Q

total fertility rate(TFR)

A

the average number of children a woman will have in her childbearing years

44
Q

infant mortality rate(IMR)

A

refers to how many babies under age 1 die each year compared to live births

45
Q

crude birth rate(CBR)

A

the total number of baby deaths in one year per 100 people

46
Q

natural increase rate(RNI)

A

the percentage by which a population grows each year only considering births and deaths

47
Q

migration

A

refers to the permanent move of people from one area to another

48
Q

stage 1 demographic transition model- low growth

A
  • Extremely high crude birth rates: cultural preferences, lack of contraceptives
  • Extremely high crude death rates: lack of sanitation/medicine, animal attacks, war, famine
  • very low natural increase rate
49
Q

stage 2 demographic transition model- high growth

A
  • Extremely high crude birth rates: industrial revolution leads to food security
  • Falling crude death rates: increased sanitation/medicine, increased life expectancy, falling infant mortality rates
  • Very high natural increase rate
50
Q

stage 3 demographic transition model- moderate growth

A
  • Falling crude birth rates: women enter the workforce, women seek educational opportunities, improved economics lessen the need for more children, as does urbanization
  • Falling crude death rates: further advances in medicine, increased life expectancy, still falling infant mortality rate
  • Moderate natural increase rate
51
Q

stage 4 demographic transition model- low growth

A
  • Women delay marriage, women educational opportunities, increased contraceptive use, and family planning
  • Low crude death rates: higher income leads to better health outcomes
  • No natural increase rate: zero population increase/growth or decrease/falling
52
Q

stage 5 demographic transition model- negative growth

A
  • Very low birth rates: couples choosing not to have kids, birth rates are falling below death rates
  • Rising crude death rates: deaths rising due to increased urbanization antibiotic-resistant bacteria
  • Negative population growth
53
Q

stage 1 epidemiological transition model

A
  • Infectious and parasitic diseases crop failure, and animal attacks are prevalent
  • Endemic: stays local, epidemic: spreads through the region, pandemic: spreads across regions
54
Q

stage 2 epidemiological transition model- receding pandemics

A
  • Improved sanitation, better nutrition/food security, medicine
  • Pandemics are still a slight issues
  • Increased life expectancy
55
Q

stage 3 epidemiological transition model- Degenerative diseases

A
  • Fewer infectious disease deaths
  • Rise in death from aging: cancer, strokes, heart disease
  • Longer life expectancy and lower death rates
  • Population growth
56
Q

stage 4 epidemiological transition model- delayed degenerative and lifestyle disease

A
  • Medical advances extend life expectancy
  • Better diets, reduced use of tobacco
  • Life expectancy is at its highest
  • One problem: junk food and sedentary lifestyles
57
Q

stage 5 epidemiological transition model- re-emergence of infectious diseases

A
  • infectious and parasitic disease make a return(return of the plague)
  • Resistance to antibiotics
  • Disease mutation
  • Rising urbanization
  • Slight Lowering life expectancy
58
Q

Malthusian theory

A

warned that there would not be enough food to feed the people- famine

59
Q

what is the difference between immigrate and migrate?

A

immigrate: to move into a nation
emigrate: to move away from a nation

60
Q

asylum seeker

A

people who have moved from another country in hopes of being recognized as a refuge

61
Q

refugee

A

someone forced to migrate from another country to avoid armed conflict, violence, violations of human rights, or other disasters

62
Q

internally displaced person

A

forced to move for similar reasons as a refugee but did not move nations and cross an international border

63
Q

guest worker

A

a person with temporary permission to work in a different country (my nanny)

64
Q

remittance

A

sending money back home(filipino nannies)

65
Q

where are the four clusters of population

A
  • East Asia (Chinese cities, Japan, Taiwan)
  • South Asia (India Bangladesh Pakistan AKA “subcontinent”)
  • Europe (London Paris)
  • Southeast Asia (Indonesia Philippines)
66
Q

what is the goldilocks method?

A

Too hot, too wet, too high, too cold

Human Geo (6 decks)

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