human geo unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

culture

A

shared practices(birth rituals, death rituals etc), technologies(devices, transportation), attitudes and behaviors(age of maturity, gender roles)

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2
Q

material culture

A

made up of things people give value to

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3
Q

non-material culture

A

made up of the ideas of a society

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4
Q

habit

A

a repetitive act that a particular individual performs; wearing jeans to class every day

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5
Q

custom

A

a repetitive act of a group, performed to the extent that it becomes a characteristic of the group; many people wearing jeans to class

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6
Q

folk culture

A

traditionally practiced primary by small, homogenous groups living in isolated rural areas

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7
Q

popular culture

A

found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics

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8
Q

cultural relativism

A

evaluating a culture by its own standards

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9
Q

ethnocentrism

A

evaluating another culture through the lense of one’s culture

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10
Q

cultural landscape

A

the combination of cultural, economic, and natural elements that make up any landscape

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11
Q

placemaking

A

a process in which a community or cultural groups gets together to plan a public space

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12
Q

language

A

can influence toponyms or forms of communication

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13
Q

ethnicity

A

can influence the good and services available, architecture, or where people live, creating ethnic enclaves

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14
Q

religion

A

can influence toponyms, architecture, and even who can live where

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15
Q

centripetal forces

A

things that unify a group of people ex: common language

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16
Q

centrifugal forces

A

things that divide a group of people ex: ethnic discrimination

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17
Q

hearth

A

a place from which an innovation originates

18
Q

relocation diffusion

A

the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another ex: spanish being spoken in south and central america

19
Q

contagious diffusion

A

the rapid spread of a characteristic throughout a population(people to people) ex: memes, spanish flu

20
Q

hierarchical diffusion

A

ideas spread hierarchically, starting from the top, spreading downwards ex: clothing fads

21
Q

reverse hierarchical diffusion

A

starting from down, spreading upwards ex: rap, walmart

22
Q

stimulus diffusion

A

the full idea not being spread, but the main underlying idea spread ex: mccdonald’s spread throughout the world- different menus

23
Q

barriers to diffusion

A
  • distance decay effect
  • cultural barriers(languge, religion, age, etc)
  • physical barriers
  • political barriers
  • economic barriers
24
Q

acculturation

A

the process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups. changes may be experienced by both groups, but both retain two distinct cultural features

25
Q

assimilation

A

the process in which people lose originality, differentiating traits, such as dress, speech, or mannerisms, when they come in contact with another society or culture

26
Q

syncretism

A

the combination of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature. the two groups come together to form a new culture

27
Q

creolization

A

the process of mixing cultural traits, primarily language

28
Q

lingua franca

A

language mutually understood by the members of a society

29
Q

cultural divergence

A

people may stat to leave their culture or abandon elements of it

30
Q

cultural convergence

A

people start having one mass, global culture

31
Q

institutional language

A

used in education, work, mass media, and government

32
Q

official language

A

used by the government for laws, reports, and public objects such as roads, money and stamps

33
Q

language family

A

a collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history

34
Q

language branch

A

a collection of languages within a family related through a common ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago

35
Q

language group

A

a collection of languages within a certain branch that shares a common origin in the relatively recent past and display many similarities in grammar and vocabulary

36
Q

dialect

A

a regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation

37
Q

subdialect

A

a subdivision of a dialect

38
Q

universalizing religions

A

attempt to be global- to appeal to all people wherever they live in the world

39
Q

ethnic religions

A

appeal primarily to one group of people living in one place

40
Q

denomination

A

a more localied subgroup of religion, often with religious autonomy

41
Q

monotheistic & polytheistic

A

monotheistic: worshipping one deity

polytheistic: worshipping many deities

42
Q

cultural syncretism

A

when distinct aspect of different cultures blend together to make something new and unique. ex: fusion foods