Human Development Flashcards by Jordan Stonecypher

Freud stages of psychosexual while Erikson stages

Psychosocial

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In Freud psychodynamic theory in steaks are emphasized. Eric Erickson is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologist…

Believe in man’s powers of reasoning to control behavior

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The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire lifespan was

Erik Erikson

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The statement “the ego is dependent on the id”, would most likely reflect the work of

Sigmund Freud, who created psychodynamic theory

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Jean Piaget‘s ideographic approach created his theory with four stages, The correct order from stage one to stage four is.

Sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operation, formal operations

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Some behavioral scientist have been critical of Swiss child psychologist, Jean Piaget developmental research inasmuch as

His findings were often drive from observing his own children

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A tall, skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicates that she feels the smaller picture has less water. She has not yet mastered.

Conservation

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In piagetian literature, conservation would most likely refer to

Volume or mass

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A child masters conservation in piagetian stage known as

Concrete operations – ages 7 to 11 years old

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(Blank) expanded on Piaget’s conceptualization of moral development

Lawrence Kohlberg

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According to Jean Piaget, a child, master second sept of reversibility in the third stage, known as concrete operations or concrete operational thought. This notions suggest …

One can undo an action, hence an object can return to its initial shape

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During a thunderstorm, a six-year-old child in Piaget stage of operational thought, stage two, says “the rain is following me”. This is an example of…

Egocentrism

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Lawrence Kohlberg suggested

Three levels of morality

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The Heinz dilemma is to Kohlberg‘s theory as

A typing test to the level of typing skill mastered

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The term identity crisis comes from the work of

Erickson

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Kohlbergs three levels of morality are

Preconventional, conventional, postconventional

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Trust versus mistrust is

Ericksons first stage of psychosocial development

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A person who has successfully mastered Ericksons first seven stages would be ready to enter Ericksons final or eighth stage

Integrity versus despair

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In Kolbert’s first or pre-conventional level, the individuals moral behavior is guided by

Consequences

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Kohlbergs second level of morality is known as conventional morality. This level is characterized by

A desire to live up to societies expectations, and a desire to conform

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Kohlberg‘s highest level of morality is termed postConventional morality. Here are the individual

Has self imposed morals and ethics

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According to Lawrence Kohlberg, level three, which is postconventional or self excepted moral principles

Is the highest level of morality. However, some people never reach this level.

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The zone of proximal development

Was pioneered by Lev Vygotsky

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Freud and Erikson

Could have been classified as maturationist

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John Bowlby, the British psychiatrist, is most closely associated with

Bonding and attachment

In which Eriksonian stage does midlife crisis occur

Generativity versus stagnation

The researcher, who is well known for his work with maternal deprivation, and isolation in rhesus monkeys is

Harry Harlow

The statement “males are better than females when performing mathematical calculations“ is

True according to research by Eleanor maccoby and Carl Jacklin

The Ericksonian stage that focuses heavily on sharing your life with another is

Intimacy versus isolation

We often refer to individuals as conformist. Which of these individuals would most likely conform to his or her peers

A 30 year old male middle school student

In harry Harlow‘s experiment with baby monkeys

The baby monkey was more likely to cling to a terry cloth surrogate mother than a wire surrogate mother

Freud populated the psychosexual stages

Oral, anal, phallic latency, genital

In adolescence

Males commit suicide, more often than females, but females attempt suicide more

In the general US population

Suicide rates tend to increase with age

The fear of death

Is greatest during middle age

In Freudian theory, attachment is a major factor

Which evolves primarily during the oral stage

When comparing girls to boys, it could be noted that in general

Girls grow up to smile more, girls are using more feeling words by age 2, and girls are better able to read people without verbal cues at any age

The Freudian developmental stage, which least emphasizes sexuality

Latency

In terms of parenting, young children

Boys are punished more than girls

When developmental theorist speak of nature or nurture, they really mean

How much hereditary or environment interacts to influence development

Stage theorist assume

Qualitative changes between stages occur

Development

Is a continuous process which begins at conception

Development is cephalocaudal, which means

Head to foot

Hereditary is the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring, and

Assumes the normal person has 23 pairs of chromosomes, assumes that hereditary characteristics are transmitted by chromosomes, and assumes that genes composed of DNA whole genetic code

Piaget’s final stage is known as the formal operational stage. In this stage.

Abstract thinking emerges and problems can be solved using deduction

Kohlberg list —- stages of moral development which fall into —— levels

Six and three

A person who lives by his or her individual Conscience and universal ethical principles

Has, according to Kohlberg, reach the highest stage of moral development. And is in the postconventional level of self excepted moral principles.

Freud, Oedipus complex or Oedipus stage

Is the stage in which fantasies of sexual relations in the opposite sex partner occur, and occurs during the phallic stage

Girls in the Oedipus complex may be referred to as

The Electra complex

The correct order of the Freudian psychosexual or libidinal stages is

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Eleanor Gibson research the matter of depth perception in children by utilizing

An apparatus known as a visual cliff

Theorist who believe that development merely consists of quantitative changes are referred to as

Empiricist

And empiricist view of development would be

Behavioristic

The famous experiment by harry Harlow, frightens monkeys raised via cloth and wire mothers

Ran over and clung to the cloth and wire surrogate mothers

A theorist who views developmental stages as quantitative is said to be an imperialist. The antithesis of this position holds that development strides are qualitative. What is the name given to this position?

Organicism

In piagets developmental theory, reflexes play the greatest role in the

Sensorimotor stage

A mother hides a toy behind her back, and a young child does not believe the toy exists anymore. The child has not mastered.

Object permanence, and representational thought

The schema, a mental representation of the world, of permanency and constancy of objects occur in the

Sensorimotor stage, birth to two years of age

John Bowlby has asserted that

Conduct disorder, and other forms of psychopathology can result from inadequate attachment in bonding in early childhood

The Harlow experiments utilizing monkeys demonstrated that animals placed in isolation during the first few months of life

Appear to be autistic

According to the Freudians, if a child is severely traumatized, he, or she may (blank) a given psychosexual stage

Become fixated at

An expert who has reviewed the literature on videos and violence would conclude that

Watching violence tends to make children more aggressive

A counselor who utilizes the term instinctual, technically means

Behavior that manifests itself in a normal members of a given species

The word ethology, which is often associated with the work of Konrad. Lorenz refers to.

The study of animals behaviors in their natural environment

A child who focuses exclusively on a clowns red nose, but ignores the clowns. Other features would be illustrating the Piagetian concept of.

Centration

Piaget felt

That teacher should lecture less, as children in concrete operations, learn best via their own actions and experimentations

Piagets preoperational stage

Includes that acquisitions of a symbiotic schema

Sigmund Freud and Eric Erickson agreed that

Each developmental stage needed to be resolved before an individual can move on to the next stage

The tendency for adult females in the United States to wear high heels, is best explained by

Sex role socialization

The sequence of object loss, which goes from protest to despair to detachment, best describes the work of

Bowlby

A counselor who is seeing a 15-year-old boy who is not doing well in public speaking class we need to keep in mind that

In general, girls possess better verbal skills and boys. And in general boys have better visual perceptual skills and are more active and aggressive than girls.

Two brothers begin screaming at each other during a family counseling session. The term that best describes the phenomenon is.

Sibling rivalry

A preschool child concept of causality is said to be animistic. This means the child attributes human characteristics to inanimate objects. Thus, the child may fantasize that an automobile, or a rock is talking to him. This concept is best related to.

Piaget’s pre-operational period, ages two through seven

Elementary school, counselors, and guidance services

Are a fairly new development which did not begin to gain momentum until the 1960s

Research related to elementary school counselors indicate that

These counselors are effective, do make a difference in children’s lives, and more counselors should be employed

According to the Yale research by Daniel J Levinson

80% of the men in the study experience moderate to severe midlife crisis. And an age 30 crisis occurs in men when they feel it will soon be too late to make later changes.

Ericksons middle stage, ages, 35 to 60, is known as generativity versus stagnation. generativity refers to.

The ability to do creative work, or raise a family, the opposite of stagnation, and the productive ability to create a career, family and leisure time

A person who can look back on his or her life with few regrets feels

Ego integrity and Ericksons integrity versus despair stage

Sensory motor is to Piaget, as oral is to Freud, as (blank) is to Erickson

Trust versus mistrust

Which theorist was most concerned with maternal deprivation

H Harlow

When development comes to a halt, counselor, say that the client

Suffers from fixation

Kohlberg propose three levels of morality. Freud, on the other hand, felt morality develops from the.

Super ego

Which theorist would be most likely to say that aggression is an inborn tendency

Konrad Lorenz

The statement “bad behavior is punished, good behavior is not“ is most closely associated with

Kohlberg’s pre-moral stage at the preconventional level

A critical period

Makes imprinting possible, and signifies a special time when a behavior must be learned or the behavior won’t be learned at all

Imprinting, rapid learning during a critical period of development, is an instinct in which a newborn will follow a moving object. The primary work in this area was done by.

Konrad Lorenz

Marital satisfaction

Often decreases with parenthood and often improves after a child leaves home

Maslow, a humanist psychologist, is famous for his hierarchy of needs, which postulate

Lower order physiological and safety needs and higher order needs such as self actualization

To re-search the dilemma of self actualization, Maslow

Interview the best people he could find, who escaped “the psychological of the average”

Piaget is

A structural us who believes stage changes are qualitative

(Blank) factors cause down syndrome, the most common type known as trisomy 21

Genetic conditions passed through genes

Piagets refer to the act of taking a new information as a simulation. This results in accommodation, which is a modification of the child’s cognitive structures/schemas to deal with new information. Piagetian nomenclature, the balance between a simulation and accommodation is called.

Equiliberation

There are behavioral, structural, and maturation Elle theories of development. The maturational view point utilizes the plant growth analogy, in which the mind is seen as being driven by instinct, while the environment provides nourishment, thus placing limits on development. Counselors who are maturationist

Allow clients to work through early conflicts

Ritualistic behavior, which are common to all members of species, are known as

Fixed action patterns elicited by sign stimuli

Robert Keegan speaks of a “holding environment” in counseling in which

The client can make meaning in the face of a crisis and can find new direction

Most experts in the field of counseling agree that

No, one theory completely explains developmental processes, thus, counselors are to be familiar with all the major theories

Equilibration is

A balance between what one takes in assimulation, and that which is change accommodation

A counselor is working with a family who just lost everything in a fire. The counselor will ideally focus on.

Maslow‘s lower order needs, such as psychological and safety needs

The anal retentive personality is

Stingy

From a Freudian perspective, a client who has a problem with alcoholism and excessive smoking would be

Considered an oral character