Counceling And Helping Relationships Flashcards
Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalysis, which is both a form of treatment, and a very comprehensive personality theory. According to Freud’s theory, inborn drives (mainly sexuality), help form the personality. Blank and blank, who originally worked with Freud, created individual psychology, an analytical psychology, respectively. 
Alfred Adler and Carl Jung
Eric Berne’s transactional analysis, possess three Ego states: the child, the adult and the parent. These roughly correspond to Freud structural theory that include. 
Ed, ego and super ego 
In transactional analysis, , the blank is the conscious, or ego state concerned with moral behavior, while Freudian theory is the blank 
Parent, super ego 
Freud felt that successful resolution of the Oedipus complex led to the development of the super ego. This is accomplished by blank
Identification with the aggressor, the parent of the same sex 
Freudians refer to the ego as 
The executive administrator of the personality and the reality principle 
Freud‘s theory speaks to Eros and Theranos. A client who threatens a self-destructive act is being ruled primarily by. 
Theranos 
The id is present at birth, and never matures. It operates mainly out of awareness to satisfy instinctual needs, according to the 
Pleasure principle, suggesting humans, desire, instant gratification, such as libido, sex, or the elimination of hunger or thirst 
If you think of the mind as a seesaw, then the fulcrum or bouncing apparatus would be the
Ego 
A therapist who says a patient. “say whatever comes to mine” is practicing. 
Free association 
The super ego contains the ego ideal. The super ego strives for blank, rather than blank like the id. 
Perfection: pleasure 
All of these theorist could be associated with analytical movements, except 
Wolpe
Most scholars would assert that Freud 1900 work in titled the interpretation of dreams was his most influential. Dreams have… 
Manifest and latent content 
When a client projects, unconscious feelings towards the therapist, that he, or she originally had towards as a navigate other, it is called 
Transference 
Which case is not associated with psychodynamic movement? 
Little Albert 
In contrast with classical analysis, psychodynamic counseling, or therapy 
Utilizes fewer sessions per week, does not utilize the couch, is performed face-to-face 
Talking about difficulties in order to purge emotions and feelings is a curative process known as 
Catharsis and or abreaction 
It, super ego, ego, is to social theory, as blank is to topographicall theory 
Unconscious, pre-conscious, conscious 
The most controversial aspect of Freud’s theory is 
The Oedipus complex 
Evidence from the unconscious mind comes from all of these, except 
Subjective units of distress scale 
In a counseling session, a counselor asked a patient to recall what transpired, three months ago to trigger her depression. There was silence for about two and 1 1/2 minutes. The client then began to remember. This exchange was most likely is striated the function of. 
Pre-conscious mind 
Unconscious processes, which serve to minimize anxiety and protect the cell from severe it, or super ego demand, called

Ego defense mechanisms 
Most therapist agree that ego defense mechanisms are unconscious or deny or distort reality. Rationalization, compensation, repression, projection, reaction, formation, identification, interjection, denial, and displacement are ego defense mechanism. According to Freudians, the most important defense mechanism is.
Repression 
Suppression differs from oppression in that 
Repression is automatic or involuntary 
An aggressive person who becomes a professional boxer, because here she is sadistic is displaying 
Supplementation 
And advertising agency secretly embeds the word sex into newspaper ads, intended to advertise the centers chemical dependency program. This is a practice of. 
None of the above 
A man receives a nickel an hour pay raise. He was expecting one dollar raise. He is furious, but nonassertive. He the smiles and thinks his boss. That night, he yells at his wife, for no apparent reason. This example of.
Displacement 
A student tells a college counselor that he is not upset by a grade of F in physics education that marred his four year perfect four point average in as much as straight A’s students are eggheads. This demonstrates. 
Sour grapes, rationalization 
A masters level, counselor lands in entry level counseling job in an agency in a warm climate. Her office is not air condition, but the counselor and says she likes this because sweating really helps to keep her weight and check. This illuminates.
Sweet lemon rationalization 
A teenager who had his heart set on winning a tennis match, broke his arm in an auto accident. He sends in an entry form to play in the competition, which begins just days after the accident. His behavior is influenced by. 
Denial 
Blank is like looking in a mirror, but thinking you are looking out a window 
Projection 
Mark is obsessed with stamping out pornography. He is unconsciously involved in this cause so he can view the material. This is. 
Reaction formation 
Ted has always felt inferior intellectually. He currently works out at the gym at least four hours daily and is taking massive doses of dangerous steroids to build his muscles. The ego defense mechanism in action here is 
Compensation 
Jane feels very inferior. She is now president of the board at a shelter for the homeless. She seems to be obsessed with her work for the agency, and spent every spare minute trying to help the cause. When asked to introduce herself in virtually any social situation, Jane invariably responds with, “I am the president of the board for the homeless shelter“ Jane is engaging in.
Identification 
A client who has incorporated his fathers values into his thought patterns is a product of. 
Introjection 
The clients tendency to inhibit or fight against the therapeutic process is known as 
Resistance 
Freud has been called the most significant theorist in the entire history of psychology. His greatest contribution was his conceptualization of the unconscious mind. Critics, however, contend that… 
Many aspects of his theory are difficult to test from a scientific point 
The purpose of interpretation in counseling is to 
Make the clients aware of their unconscious process 
Oregon inferiority relates, mainly to the work of
Sigmund Freud, psychoanalytic theory 
Recline becomes aware of a factor in his or her life that was heretofore unknown, counselors refer to it as 
Insight 
Carl Young, the founder of analytical psychology, said men operate on logic or the blank principle, while women are intuitive operating on the blank principle 
Logos and Eros
Young used drawings balanced around a centerpoint to analyze himself, his clients, and dreams. He called them
Mandalas 
Blank emphasize the drive for superiority 
Adler
The statement “siblings interact may have more impact than parent – child interactions“ describes 
Adlerian theory 
In contrast with Freud, the neo Freudian emphasized 
Social factors

The terms introversion and extraversion are associated with 
Jung
The personality types of Myers-Briggs type indicator are associated with the work of 
Jung
Adler emphasize that people wish to belong. This is known as. 
Social connectedness

Adler was one of the first therapist who relied on paradox. Using this strategy, a client (who was a student in a counselor preparation program), who was afraid to give a presentation in front of his counseling class for fear he might shake, and embarrass himself would be instructed to. 
Exaggerates the behavior and really do a thorough job shaking in front of the class 
Jung felt that society caused men to deny their feminine side, known as blank and women to deny their masculine side known as blank 
Anima and animus
Jung spoke of a collective unconscious common to all men and women. The material that makes up the collective unconscious, which is passed from generation to generation is known as. 
Archetypes 
Common archetypes include 
The persona, the shadow, and the animus, anima, and self 
A client is demonstrating inconsistent behavior. She is smiling, but says she’s very sad about what she did. When her counselor points this out, the counselors, verbal response is known as. 
Confrontation
During a professional staff meeting, counselor says he is worried that if techniques are implemented to stop a six year old boy from sucking his thumb, he will begin biting his nails or shuttering. The counselor… 
Is most likely an analytical train counselor concerned with symptoms substitution 
An eclectic counselor… 
Attempts to choose the best era called program based on the clients attributes, resources, and situation.
The word eclectic is most closely associated with 
Friedrich C Thorne 
A counselor who is obsessed with the fact that a client missed his, or her session is the victim of 
Counter transference 
Lifestyle, birth order, and family consultation are emphasized by 
Adler 
A counselor who remarks that firstborn children are usually conservative, but display leadership qualities is most likely… 
An Adlerian who believes behavior must be studied in social context; never in isolation 
Existentialism is to logotherapy as blank is to behaviorism 
Skinner
BF Skinners reinforcement theory elaborated on 
Edward thorndikes law of effect
Classical conditioning relates to the work of 
Ivan Pavlov 
An association that naturally exist, such as animal salivating when food is presented is called

Unconditioned stimulus 
Skinners operant conditioning is referred to as 
Instrumental learning 
Respondent behavior refers to 
Reflexes 
All reinforcers 
Tend to increase probability that a behavior will occur 
Negative reinforcement requires the withdrawal of an aversive/negative stimulus to increase the likelihood that a behavior will occur. Negative reinforcement is not used as often as positive reinforcement and. 
It’s not the same thing as punishment
Punishment
Decreases the probability that a behavior will occur 
In Palos famous experiment using dogs, the bell was the blank in the meat was the blank 
CS, UCS
The most effective time interval (temporal relation) between the CS and the US 
Is .5 or a half second 
Many researchers have tried putting the UCS (meat) before the CS (bell). This usually result in. 
No conditioning 
Several graduate students in counseling trained a poodle to salivate to a child’s toy whore and using Pavlos classical conditioning paradigm. One day the department chairman was driving across campus and Hauck to his horn. Much to the surprise of the students, the poodles elicited a salvation response. What had happened.? 
Stimulus generalization, or what Pavla termed irradiation 
The department chairman found the poodles response to his automobile horn humerus. He thus instructed the graduate students to train the dog to salivate only to his car horn and not the original toy though. Indeed, the graduate students were able to perform this task. The poodle is now demonstrating 
Stimulus discrimination 
The department chair was further amused by the poodles tendency to be able to discriminate one CS from another. He just told the students to teach the dog to drool only to the horn of his Ford but not to the one of the graduate students Chevrolet truck. In reality, the horns on the two vehicles sounded nearly identical. The training was seemingly unsuccessful, and as much as the dog merely took to every loud sound barking. In this case… 
Experimental neurosis set in 
In one experiment, a dog was conditioned to draw to a bell paired with a fast food cheeseburger. The researcher, then kept ringing the bell without giving the dog a cheeseburger. This is known as. 
Extinction, and the drooling will disappear 
John B Watson name is associated with 
Little Albert 
During a family counseling session, six-year-old girl, repeatedly sticks, her tongue out at the counselor, who, obviously ignoring the behavior. The counselor is practicing. 
Extinction 
In general, behavior modification strategies are based heavily on blank while behavior therapy emphasizes blank
Instrumental conditioning; classical conditioning, and Skinners principle; Pavlos principles 
Behaviorist counselor decides upon aversive conditioning as the treatment of choice for a gentleman who wishes to give up smoking. The counselor begins by taking a baseline. This is accomplished…
By charting the occurrences of the behavior prior to any therapeutic intervention 
The first studies, which demonstrated that animals could indeed be conditioned to control autonomic  processes, were conducted by 
Neil Miller 
