Human defence systems Flashcards
General defence system - 1st line
Skin
Clotting factors
Sebaceous glands
Mucus
Lyzozyme
Skin
prevents entry
General defence - First line
Clotting factors
prevents wound entry
General defence - First line
Sebaceous glands
Produce sebum oil killing bactera
General defence - First line
Lyzozyme
Enzyme dissolves bacterial cell walls
Found in tears saliva and sweat
General defence - First line
General defence - Second line of defence
Phagocytic white blood cells
Complement and interferons
Inflammation
Acid
Phagocytic white blood cells
Macrophages engulf pathogens
General defence - Second line
Complement and interferons
2 sets of proteins in blood that respond to general infection
General defence - Second line
Inflammation
Brings more phagocytic white blood cells to infected area and raises temp
General defence - Second line
Acid
Hydrochloric acid in stomach pH too high for pathogens
General defence - Second line
Specialised defence
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Specialised defende
White blood cells that attack specific antibodies
Lymphocytes
White blood cells that attack cancerous /pathogenic antigens +/ produce antibodies
Lymphocytes - B cells
Mature in bone marrow, move to lymph nodes and recognise antigens
Lymphocytes - B Cells types
Plasma B cells - make antibodies
Memory B cells - live on post infection to recognise antigens
Plasma B cells
Make antibodies
Memory B cells
Live on post infection to recognise antigen + produce max antibodies within 5 days
Lymphocytes - T cells + types
Mature in thymus
Helper T cells
Killer T cells
Suppresor T cells
Memory T cells
Helper T cells
Stimulate B cells and killer t cells
Killer t cells
Destroy abnormal body cells
Suppressor t cells
Suppress immune system post infection
Memory T cells
Stimulate memory B cells and killer t cells if reinfection occurs
Active immunity
Long term resistance after infection
Active natural immunity
Body produces it’s own antibodies against infection
Artificial active immunity
Body produces it’s own antibodies after vaccination
Passive immunity
Short term immunity without infection
Natural passive immunity
Baby gets antibodies from mother
Artificial passive immunity
Antibodies from someone else injected eg antitenanus injection
Vaccination
The administration of a non disease causing dose of a pathogen (vaccine) to stimulate antibodies
Immunisation
When we are going injected with or produce antibiodies against a pathogen
