Food Flashcards
6 common elements
CHONPS
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulphur
Elements in dissolved salts
Sodium, Magnesium, Chlorine, Potasium + Calcium
Sophie Makes Chopped Potatoes Carefully
trace metals
Copper, Iron, Zinc
CIZ
Biomolecules
Chemicals made in living things
Biomolecules list
Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Vits
Are minerals biomolecules
NO!!!
Carbs comp
CHO
Cx(H₂O)v
Monosaccharides
1 sugar
Glucose: releases energy
Fructose: found in fruit
Galactose: comes from lactose
Disaccharides
2 sugars
Maltose (2 glucose)
Sucrose (Glucose + fructose)
Lactose (Galactose + fructose
Formed when 2 monos chemically join, is broken back down into monos
Polysaccarides
Many sugars
Starch: lots of glucose, excess carb in plants
Glycogen: muscle + liver cells, excess carb in humans
Cellulose: plant cell wall + fibre
Chitin
Polysaccharide
Nitrogen added to glucose molecules
Crab exoskelletons + fungal cell walls
Structural role of carbs
Cellulose forms cell walls
Metabolic role of carbs
Glucose releases energy in respiration + is made in photosynthesis
Carb tests
Reducing sugars = Benedicts solution
Starch = iodine
Lipids comp + structure
CHO
fats = solid, oils = liquid at room temp
Triglyreide
Lipids structural role
Store energy
Insulate
Form membranes
Lipids metabolic role
Release energy in repiration
lipids test
Brown paper
Protein Comp + Structure
CHON (PS)
Amino acids + peptide links + polypeptide chains
20 common aino acids
Protein shape
Proteins fold into shape
Function determined by shape
Fibrous protein
Long fibres eg collagen + keratin
Secondary folding
Globular protein
Spherical eg. enzymes + hormones
Tertiary folding
Protein - denaturation
Shape changes + protein becomes inactive
Reason eg. Temp/pH
Structural role of protein
Keratin = hair + nails
Myosin = muscle
Metabolic role of protein
Hormones, enzymes and antibodies
Protein test
Buriet’s reagent
Water soluble + Fat soluble vitamins
Be Careful near Water
A Fat Dog Eats Kibble
Vit c
Forms collagen (connective tissue), wound healing + gums
Scurvy
Citus
Vit D
Bone formation + calcium absorption
Rickets + osteomalicia
Milk + sun
Minerals - salt functions
Form rigid body structures - calcium + phosphorus - bones
Form soft body tissues - copper => myosin - covers nerves
Function in fluids + cells - sodium in cytoplasm + osmoregulation
Non salt functions
Calcium => middle lamella
Magnesium => chlorophyll
Iron => haemoglobin
Calcium=> strong bones
Water
70-90% of cell mass
universal solvent
Hydrolysis
Transports dissolved substances in & out of cell
Absorbs heat -energy regulation
Food functions
Broken down for growth, repair + continuity of life
Energy is released - ATP
Creates enzymes
