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Human Anatomy > Human Body Orientation > Flashcards

Human Body Orientation Flashcards

1
Q

Concerning the image below, which anatomial plan sections the body in lateral and medial?

A

Sagital

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2
Q

Which anatomical plan sections the body in superior an inferior?

A

Horziontal or Transverse or Axial

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3
Q

Which anatomical plan sections the body in anterior and superior?

A

Frontal or coronal

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4
Q

Towards to or away from the head

A

Superior and inferior

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5
Q

Towards to or at the back of the body

A

Anterior or posterior

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6
Q

Towards to or away from the midline of the body

A

Medial or lateral

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7
Q

Closer to or farther from the origin or a body part

A

Proximal and distal

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8
Q

Towards to or away from the body surface

A

Superficial or Deep

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9
Q

On the same sied or on opposite sides

A

Ipsilateral or contralateral

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10
Q

__________ is the study of superficial anatomical markings; ___________ is the study of anatomy by organ system; _____________ is the study of anatomy by body region.

A

Surface, systemic, regional

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11
Q

What are the four type of tissues forming the body?

A

Epithelial (covers body surface and its cavities), connective (suports the body and protects its organs), muscle (allows movement), and nervou tissue (fast internal communication)

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12
Q

What are the organ systems?

A

Intengumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

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13
Q

What are the main structures and functions of the integumentary system?

A

The main structures are skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands and the main functions are protection of deep tissues from injury, synthetization of vitamin D, and contains sensory receptors

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14
Q

What are the main structures shared by all vertebrates?

A

Tube within a tube body plan, bilateral symmetry, dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord and vertebrae, segmentation, pharyngeal pouches.

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15
Q

What are the two main large body cavitites?

A

Dorsal and ventral, both clode to the outside and containing internal organs

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16
Q

What are the main structures and functions of the skeletal system?

A

Structures: Bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments
Functions: Provides support for muscles, protects body organs, site of blood cell formation, stores minerals like calcium and phosporus.

17
Q

What are the main structures and functions of the muscular system?

A

Strcutures: Skeletal muscles and tendons
Functions: Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression, maintains posture, produces heat

18
Q

What are the main structures and functions of the nervous system?

A

Structures: Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Functions: Fast-acting control and communication system of the body, responds to stimuli by activating mucles and glands

19
Q

What are the main structures and functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

Structures: Heart, blood vessels
Functions: The heart pumps blood, blood vessels transport blood throughout the body, moves gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones, etc.

20
Q

What are the main structures and functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Strcutures: Lymphatic capillaries and vessels, lymph nodes
Fuctions: Picks up excess tissue fluid (lymph) and returns it to the bloodstream, transports fats to the blood stream, houses cells of immune system (lymphocytes), filters lymph from pathogens, activates immune system

21
Q

What are the main structures and functions of the respiratory system?

A

Strcutures: Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Functions: Keep blood supplied with oyxgen and removes carbon dioxide

22
Q

What are the main structures and functions of the digestive system?

A

Strcutures: Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines (small and large), accessory organs (liver, pancreas)
Functions: Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood, eliminates indigestable substances as feces

23
Q

What are the main structures and functions of the urinary system?

A

Strcutures: Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Functions: Eliminates nitrogenous waste from the body through urine, regulates water, electrolytes, and pH balance of the blood

24
Q

What are the main structures and functions of the reproductive system?

A

Male:

Structures: Testes (produce sperm and male sex hormones), vas deferens, prostate, scrotum, penis

Female:
Strcutures: Ovaries (produce eggs and female sex hormones, supports embryo development), fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina

25
Q

Which large division of the body is the blue area referring to? And the red area?

A

Blue are refers to the axial region of the body (head, neck and trunk), while the red area refers to the appendicular region of the body (appendages or limps/ upper and lower).

26
Q

What are the correct anatomical terms to the following areas?
Nose
Mouth
Neck
Armpit
Arm
Forearm
Wrist
Palm
Fingers
Eye
Ear
Breastbone
Chest
Belly
Navel
Thigh
Knee cap
Ankle
Foot

A

Nasal
Oralm
Cervical
Axillary
Brachial
Carpal
Metacarpal
Digital
Orbital
Otic
Sternal
Thoracic
Abdominal
Umbilical
Femoral
Patellar
Tarsal
Metatarsal

27
Q

What are the correct anatomical terms to the following areas?

Shoulder blade
Spinal columns
Loin
Scral
ButtocksBack of the knee
Heel

A

Scapular
Vertebral
Lumar
Sacral
Gluteal
Popliteal
Calcaneal

28
Q

What are the two main body cavities>

A

Ventral and Dorsal

29
Q

How is the dorsal body cavity subdivided?

A

Cranial cavity (containing the skull and the brain), and vertebral cavity (containing vertebral column), enclosing the spinal cord.

30
Q

How is the ventral body cavity subdivided?

A

Its organs are called viceral organd and it is divided in thoracic cavity (surrounded by the ribs, containing heart and lungs) and abdominopelvic cavity (containing digestive viscera); the diaphragm promotes physical separation between the two areas. There is no physical separation between the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

31
Q

The layer of a membrane lining internal body walls is called:

A

Parietal layer

32
Q

The layer of a membranecovering interal organs is called:

A

Visceral layer

33
Q

What is a potential space, containing lubricating serous fluid?

A

Serous cavity

34
Q

What are the serosae layers associates with the heart?

A

Parietal pericardium, Visceral pericardium, pericardial cavity with serous fluid

35
Q

What is the importance of the serous fluid?

A

It lubricates the surfaces and reduces frictions during the movement of an organ.

36
Q

What is one singularity of the pleural cavity?

A

The visceral and parietal layers touch each other but the presence of the pleural fluid there is very little friction between them.

37
Q

Serous fluid is produced only by the visceral layer.

A

False, both layers are responsible for its production

38
Q

What are the four abdominal quadrants?

A

Right upper (RUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), and left lower quadrant (LLQ)

39
Q
A

Human Anatomy (6 decks)

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