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Genetics/Anatomy > Human Body > Flashcards

Human Body Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Study of the structure and shape of the body and it’s parts and their relationship to one another

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Study of how the body and its parts work or function

A

Physiology

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3
Q

Organized genetic unit capable of metabolism, reproduction, and evolution

A

Life

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4
Q

Total chemical activity, consists of thousands of chemical reactions

A

Metabolism

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5
Q

Provide control and coordination, carries information for building a protein

A

Genes

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6
Q

Maintenance of a relatively stable internal condition

A

Homeostasis

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7
Q

Made up of atoms which can be organized into cells

A

Molecules

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8
Q

Working components of living organisms

A

Cells

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9
Q

Group of cells with similar coordinated function

A

Tissue

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10
Q

Combined several tissues that function together

A

Organs

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11
Q

Recognizable, self-contained individual made up of organs and organ systems

A

Organism

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12
Q

How many body systems are there

A

11

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13
Q
  1. Forms the external body covering
  2. Protects deeper tissue from injury
  3. Synthesizes vitamin D
  4. Location of cutaneous receptors, oil, and sweat glands
A

Integumentary system

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14
Q
  1. Protects and supports body organs
  2. Provides a framework for muscle attachment
  3. Blood cells form within bones
  4. Stores minerals
A

Skeletal system

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15
Q
  1. Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression
  2. Maintains posture
  3. Produces heat
A

Muscular system

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16
Q
  1. Fast acting control center of the body

2. Responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands

A

Nervous system

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17
Q
  1. Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism
A

Endocrine system

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18
Q
  1. Blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, CO2, nutrients, and waste
  2. The heart pumps blood
A

Cardiovascular system

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19
Q
  1. Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels & returns it to the blood
  2. Disposed of debris in the lymphatic stream
  3. Houses white blood cells involved in immunity
A

Lymphatic system

20
Q
  1. Keeps blood constantly supplied w oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
  2. The gas exchange occurs through the walls of the lungs
A

Respiratory system

21
Q
  1. Breaks food down into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
  2. Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces
A

Digestive system

22
Q
  1. Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body

2. Regulates water, electrolyte, and pH balance of the blood

A

Urinary system

23
Q
  1. Production of offspring
  2. Tested produce sperm and make sex hormones
  3. Ducts abs glands aid in delivery of viable sperm to the female reproductive tract
A

Reproductive system (male)

24
Q
  1. Production of offspring
  2. Ovaries produce eggs and sex hormones
  3. Remaining sites serve as sites for fertilization development of the fetus
  4. Mammary glands of female produce milk to nourish the newborn
A

Reproductive system (female)

25
Q

the maintenance of stable, internal conditions within narrow limits

A

homeostasis

26
Q

In negative feedback, a sensing mechanism is called a

A

receptor

27
Q

A receptor, used during negative feedback, detects a ___ in conditions beyond set limits

A

change

28
Q

A __ center, or ____ evaluates changes detected by the receptor and activates a second mechanism called a ___ to correct the condition

A

control
integrator
effector

29
Q

Conditions are constantly monitored by ___ and evaluated by the ___ (the brain).

A

receptors

control center

30
Q

In ____ _____, the original condition is ____ or negated, so that conditions are returned to normal.

A

negative feedback

canceled

31
Q

In ___ ____, in which an action ____ a condition so that it is driven ___ beyond normal limits

A

positive feedback, intensifies, farther

32
Q

Thermoregulation is an example of ____

A

homeostasis

33
Q

The ___ ____ center (thermostat) is located within the central nervous system in the

A

vertebrate thermoregulatory

hypothalamus

34
Q

Body temp is regulated by ___ mechanisms

A

three

35
Q

Body temp is regulated by mechanisms, such as ___ by evaporation (sweating, panting)

A

cooling

36
Q

Body temp is regulated by mechanisms such as ___ by metabolism (shivering)

A

warming

37
Q

Body temp is regulated by mechanisms such as adjusting ___ ___ to regulate temperature. This is changing the volume of blood that flows to areas

A

surface area

38
Q

Increasing the diameter of blood vessels

A

vasodilation

39
Q

decreasing the diameter of blood vessels

A

vasoconstriction

40
Q

The ___ ____ center is located within the central nervous system in the ____ of the brain, which is the control center

A

vertebrate thermoregulatory

hypothalamus

41
Q

Toward the head or upper body of the body

A

superior

42
Q

away from the head, lower body

A

inferior

43
Q

front of an organism

A

anterior

44
Q

back of an organism

A

posterior

45
Q

8 necessary life functions

A 
maintain boundaries
movement
growth
responsiveness
digestion 
metabolism
excretion
reproduction
46
Q

5 needs of humans and why

A
  1. nutrients from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provide disease prevention, growth, and good health
  2. oxygen is required to release energy from food
  3. Water, accounting for 60% of body weight, and provides basis of various body fluids
  4. Appropriate Body temp- needed because if its too high or low, physiological functions cease because molecules are destroyed or are nonfunctional
  5. Appropriate atmospheric pressure- the force exerted o the body by the weight of the air. its essential for normal operation of the respiratory system and breathing

Genetics/Anatomy (9 decks)

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