Human Bio Test 3 Flashcards
0
Q
Dura mater?
A
Outer layer
1
Q
3 layers of the meningis?
A
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
2
Q
Arachnoid mater?
A
Middle layer
3
Q
Pia mater?
A
Inner layer
4
Q
Mitosis?
A
- A formation of two identical daughter cells
- A sexual reproduction
- Function in tissues repair growth and development
5
Q
Meiosis?
A
A formation of four daughter cells that are not identical to each other
6
Q
Interphase?
A
- Not a stage of mitosis
- Chromosomes duplicate
- Resting stage
7
Q
Prophase?
A
Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear
8
Q
Metaphase?
A
Chromosomes lined up in the center of the cell
9
Q
Anaphase?
A
Chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell
10
Q
Telophase?
A
- Final stage of mitosis
- Formation of two identical daughter cells
- Cytokinesis
11
Q
Cytokinesis?
A
Division of cytoplasm
12
Q
Testis?
A
Produces sperm
13
Q
Scrotum?
A
Sac that holds the testes
14
Q
Epididymis?
A
Where sperm is matured and stored
15
Q
Vas Deferens?
A
Transports sperm to the urethra
16
Q
Penis glans?
A
Sensitive tip of the penis
17
Q
Vagina?
A
- Birth canal
- Copulatory organ of a female
18
Q
Uterus?
A
Normal site of fetal development
19
Q
Cervix?
A
- Opening to the uterus
- Dilates during childbirth
20
Q
Clitoris?
A
- Erectile organ
- site of intense sexual feeling
21
Q
Ovary?
A
Produces eggs
22
Q
Oviducts?
A
Moves eggs and normal site of fertilization
23
Q
Seminal vesicles?
A
Produce a sugary fluid that provide energy for the sperm
24
Prostate gland?
Produces an alkaline fluid to help buffer pH in the vagina
25
Labia major?
2 large folds of fatty skin
26
Labia minor?
2 small folds just inside the labia major that contain the opening to the urethra and vagina
27
3 stds that can be cured with antibiotics?
1. Chlamydia
2. Gonorrhea
3. Syphillis
28
What are stds?
Sexual transmitted diseases
29
How to protects ourselves against stds?
1. Use condoms
2. Abstinence
3. Long term monogamous relationships
4. Avoid anal intercourse
30
Symptoms for viral stds?
1. Warts and flat lesions
| 2. Ulcers
31
Hypothalamus?
Regulates internal environment through the autonomic nervous system
-helps control heartbeat, body temperature, water balance and glandular secretions
31
Anterior pituitary gland?
1. Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH
3. Gonadotropin hormone
4. Prolactin PRL
5. Melanocyte stimulating hormone MSH
6. Growth hormone GH
32
Thyroid stimulating hormone? TSH
-Anterior pituitary gland
33
Central nervous system?
CNS brain and spinal cord
34
Peripheral nervous system?
PNS nerves and ganglia
| Cell bodies
35
Nervous system?
Allows for communication between cells through sensory input, integration of data, and motor output
36
What are two types of cell types?
1. Neurons
| 2. Neuralgia
37
Dendrites?
Carries info towards the cells body
38
Cell body?
Main cell where organelles and nuclei reside
39
Axon?
Single long extension that carries impulses away from the cell body
40
Myelin sheath?
Fatty insulating layer
41
Functions of myelin sheath?
Speeds up transmission impulses and repairs damaged neurons
42
Adrenocorticotropic hormone?
- Anterior pituitary gland
- ACTH
- Release control and stress info
43
Gonadotropic hormones?
Stimulate gonads to produce sex cells and gametes
44
Prolactin?
- PRL
- Anterior pituitary gland
- Stimulates mammary glands to develop and produce milk only after childbirth
45
Melanocyte stimulating hormone?
- MSH
- Anterior pituitary gland
- causes skin cells to produce melanin
46
Growth hormone?
- GH
| - Promotes skeletal and muscular growth
47
Posterior pituitary gland?
Stores anti diuretic hormone and oxycotin that are produced by the hypothalamus
48
Antidiuretic hormone?
- ADH
- Posterior pituitary gland
- Regulates water balance by re absorbing water into the bloodstream
49
Oxytocin?
- Posterior pituitary gland
| - Causes uterine contractions during childbirth and allows milk to be released during nursing
50
Pituitary dwarfism?
Too little GH is produced during childhood that results in small stature
51
Giantism?
Too much GH is produced during childhood that results in poor health
52
Acromegaly?
Overproduction of GH as an adult that results in larger than normal feet, hands, and face
53
Thyroid glands?
Iodine is needed in the diet to allow the thyroid gland to produce its hormones, it's produces thyroid hormone and calcitonin
54
Thyroid hormone?
- TH
| - Regulates metabolism
55
Calcitonin?
- Thyroid gland
| - Lowers blood calcium levels by having calcium in the bones
56
Parathyroid gland?
- Produces parathyroid hormone
| - Small glands embedded in the surface of the thyroid gland
57
Parathyroid hormone?
- PTH
- Parathyroid gland
- Raises blood calcium levels
58
Adrenal glands?
- Glands that sit on top of the kidneys
| - Adrenal medulla and cortex
59
Adrenal medulla?
- Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
| - Hypothalamus initiates stimulation of hormone secretion in the adrenal medulla
60
Prophase 1?
Synapsis and crossing over occurs
61
Telophase 1?
Formation of 2 sister chromatids
62
Metaphase 1?
Centromeres of homologous chromosomes lined up in the center of the cell
63
Anaphase 1?
Centromere of homologous chromosomes each made up of 2 sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell
64
Telophase 2?
Formed 4 sister chromatids
65
Prophase 2?
DNA is not replicated, no pairing of homologous chromosomes
66
Anaphase 2?
Chromosomes moves to opposite poles of the cell
67
Metaphase 2?
Chromosomes lines up in the center of the cell
68
Which cranial nerve is called the dentist nerve?
Trigeminal
69
The portion of the neuron that conducts information away from the cell body?
Axon
70
Cranial nerve responsible for balance and hearing?
Vestibulocochlear
71
Cranial nerve innervates tongue muscles?
Hypoglossal
72
Cranial nerve innervates smell?
Olfactory
73
Temporal lobe?
Hearing
74
Parietal lobe?
Taste
75
Occipital lobe?
Visual
76
Frontal lobe?
Speech
77
Cerebrum?
Telencephalon
78
Thalamus & hypothalamus?
Diencephalon
79
Cerebellum?
Helps maintain posture, balance and coordination
80
Pons?
Bridge that connects various parts of the brain
81
Midbrain?
Shortest part of the brain stem
82
Medulla oblogata?
Regulates heart rate, blood pressure and reflex actions such as coughing
83
Gray matter?
H shape contains cell bodies and nonmyelinated fiber
84
White matter?
Contains myelinated axons and dendrites
85
Central canal?
Found in the center of the spinal cord, contains cerebrospinal fluid
86
Spinal cord?
Communication between brain and body. Acts as a reflex center
87
Somatic?
Serves skin skeletal, voluntary and muscle tendons
88
Automatic?
Involuntary cardiac and smooth muscle tissues, responses are reflexes
89
Sympathetic?
Fight or flight, high heart rate and high blood pressure and high breathing
90
Parasympathetic?
Normal rest and digest
91
Neuron?
Specialized cells for communication
92
Neuroglia?
Provides physical support and nourishment to neurons
93
1. Olfactory?
Smell
94
2. Optic?
Inner layer of eye, photo receptors
95
3. Oculomotor?
Eye movement
96
4. Trachilear?
Eye movements up, down, right, left
97
5. Trigeminal?
Dentist nerve
98
6. Abducens?
Eye movement
99
7. Facial?
Facial expressions
100
8. Vestibulocochlear?
Lower and upper ear, hearing
101
9. Glossopharyngeal?
Coughing and swallowing
102
10. Vagus?
Coughing and swallowing
103
11. Spinal accessory?
Movement of head and shoulders
104
12. Hypoglossal?
Movement of tongue
105
Adrenal glands?
Sits on tops of your kidneys , secrete medulla and cortex
106
Adrenal medulla?
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
107
Adrenal cortex?
Secretes mineralcorticoids which regulates water and salt balance. And it secretes glucocorticoids that digests fats, carbs, and proteins
108
Pancreas?
Secretes insulin which lowers blood sugar and secretes glucagon which raises blood sugar
109
Thymus glands?
Secretes thymosine which fights infection
110
Pineal gland?
Secrets melatonin
