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Human Bio > Human Bio Test 3 > Flashcards

Human Bio Test 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Dura mater?

A

Outer layer

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1
Q

3 layers of the meningis?

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
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2
Q

Arachnoid mater?

A

Middle layer

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3
Q

Pia mater?

A

Inner layer

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4
Q

Mitosis?

A
  • A formation of two identical daughter cells
  • A sexual reproduction
  • Function in tissues repair growth and development
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5
Q

Meiosis?

A

A formation of four daughter cells that are not identical to each other

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6
Q

Interphase?

A
  • Not a stage of mitosis
  • Chromosomes duplicate
  • Resting stage
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7
Q

Prophase?

A

Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear

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8
Q

Metaphase?

A

Chromosomes lined up in the center of the cell

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9
Q

Anaphase?

A

Chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell

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10
Q

Telophase?

A
  • Final stage of mitosis
  • Formation of two identical daughter cells
  • Cytokinesis
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11
Q

Cytokinesis?

A

Division of cytoplasm

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12
Q

Testis?

A

Produces sperm

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13
Q

Scrotum?

A

Sac that holds the testes

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14
Q

Epididymis?

A

Where sperm is matured and stored

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15
Q

Vas Deferens?

A

Transports sperm to the urethra

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16
Q

Penis glans?

A

Sensitive tip of the penis

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17
Q

Vagina?

A
  • Birth canal

- Copulatory organ of a female

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18
Q

Uterus?

A

Normal site of fetal development

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19
Q

Cervix?

A
  • Opening to the uterus

- Dilates during childbirth

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20
Q

Clitoris?

A
  • Erectile organ

- site of intense sexual feeling

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21
Q

Ovary?

A

Produces eggs

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22
Q

Oviducts?

A

Moves eggs and normal site of fertilization

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23
Q

Seminal vesicles?

A

Produce a sugary fluid that provide energy for the sperm

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24
Q

Prostate gland?

A

Produces an alkaline fluid to help buffer pH in the vagina

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25
Q

Labia major?

A

2 large folds of fatty skin

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26
Q

Labia minor?

A

2 small folds just inside the labia major that contain the opening to the urethra and vagina

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27
Q

3 stds that can be cured with antibiotics?

A
  1. Chlamydia
  2. Gonorrhea
  3. Syphillis
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28
Q

What are stds?

A

Sexual transmitted diseases

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29
Q

How to protects ourselves against stds?

A
  1. Use condoms
  2. Abstinence
  3. Long term monogamous relationships
  4. Avoid anal intercourse
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30
Q

Symptoms for viral stds?

A
  1. Warts and flat lesions

2. Ulcers

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31
Q

Hypothalamus?

A

Regulates internal environment through the autonomic nervous system
-helps control heartbeat, body temperature, water balance and glandular secretions

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31
Q

Anterior pituitary gland?

A
  1. Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
  2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH
  3. Gonadotropin hormone
  4. Prolactin PRL
  5. Melanocyte stimulating hormone MSH
  6. Growth hormone GH
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32
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone? TSH

A

-Anterior pituitary gland

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33
Q

Central nervous system?

A

CNS brain and spinal cord

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34
Q

Peripheral nervous system?

A

PNS nerves and ganglia

Cell bodies

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35
Q

Nervous system?

A

Allows for communication between cells through sensory input, integration of data, and motor output

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36
Q

What are two types of cell types?

A
  1. Neurons

2. Neuralgia

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37
Q

Dendrites?

A

Carries info towards the cells body

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38
Q

Cell body?

A

Main cell where organelles and nuclei reside

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39
Q

Axon?

A

Single long extension that carries impulses away from the cell body

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40
Q

Myelin sheath?

A

Fatty insulating layer

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41
Q

Functions of myelin sheath?

A

Speeds up transmission impulses and repairs damaged neurons

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42
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone?

A
  • Anterior pituitary gland
  • ACTH
  • Release control and stress info
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43
Q

Gonadotropic hormones?

A

Stimulate gonads to produce sex cells and gametes

44
Q

Prolactin?

A
  • PRL
  • Anterior pituitary gland
  • Stimulates mammary glands to develop and produce milk only after childbirth
45
Q

Melanocyte stimulating hormone?

A
  • MSH
  • Anterior pituitary gland
  • causes skin cells to produce melanin
46
Q

Growth hormone?

A
  • GH

- Promotes skeletal and muscular growth

47
Q

Posterior pituitary gland?

A

Stores anti diuretic hormone and oxycotin that are produced by the hypothalamus

48
Q

Antidiuretic hormone?

A
  • ADH
  • Posterior pituitary gland
  • Regulates water balance by re absorbing water into the bloodstream
49
Q

Oxytocin?

A
  • Posterior pituitary gland

- Causes uterine contractions during childbirth and allows milk to be released during nursing

50
Q

Pituitary dwarfism?

A

Too little GH is produced during childhood that results in small stature

51
Q

Giantism?

A

Too much GH is produced during childhood that results in poor health

52
Q

Acromegaly?

A

Overproduction of GH as an adult that results in larger than normal feet, hands, and face

53
Q

Thyroid glands?

A

Iodine is needed in the diet to allow the thyroid gland to produce its hormones, it’s produces thyroid hormone and calcitonin

54
Q

Thyroid hormone?

A
  • TH

- Regulates metabolism

55
Q

Calcitonin?

A
  • Thyroid gland

- Lowers blood calcium levels by having calcium in the bones

56
Q

Parathyroid gland?

A
  • Produces parathyroid hormone

- Small glands embedded in the surface of the thyroid gland

57
Q

Parathyroid hormone?

A
  • PTH
  • Parathyroid gland
  • Raises blood calcium levels
58
Q

Adrenal glands?

A
  • Glands that sit on top of the kidneys

- Adrenal medulla and cortex

59
Q

Adrenal medulla?

A
  • Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

- Hypothalamus initiates stimulation of hormone secretion in the adrenal medulla

60
Q

Prophase 1?

A

Synapsis and crossing over occurs

61
Q

Telophase 1?

A

Formation of 2 sister chromatids

62
Q

Metaphase 1?

A

Centromeres of homologous chromosomes lined up in the center of the cell

63
Q

Anaphase 1?

A

Centromere of homologous chromosomes each made up of 2 sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell

64
Q

Telophase 2?

A

Formed 4 sister chromatids

65
Q

Prophase 2?

A

DNA is not replicated, no pairing of homologous chromosomes

66
Q

Anaphase 2?

A

Chromosomes moves to opposite poles of the cell

67
Q

Metaphase 2?

A

Chromosomes lines up in the center of the cell

68
Q

Which cranial nerve is called the dentist nerve?

A

Trigeminal

69
Q

The portion of the neuron that conducts information away from the cell body?

A

Axon

70
Q

Cranial nerve responsible for balance and hearing?

A

Vestibulocochlear

71
Q

Cranial nerve innervates tongue muscles?

A

Hypoglossal

72
Q

Cranial nerve innervates smell?

A

Olfactory

73
Q

Temporal lobe?

A

Hearing

74
Q

Parietal lobe?

A

Taste

75
Q

Occipital lobe?

A

Visual

76
Q

Frontal lobe?

A

Speech

77
Q

Cerebrum?

A

Telencephalon

78
Q

Thalamus & hypothalamus?

A

Diencephalon

79
Q

Cerebellum?

A

Helps maintain posture, balance and coordination

80
Q

Pons?

A

Bridge that connects various parts of the brain

81
Q

Midbrain?

A

Shortest part of the brain stem

82
Q

Medulla oblogata?

A

Regulates heart rate, blood pressure and reflex actions such as coughing

83
Q

Gray matter?

A

H shape contains cell bodies and nonmyelinated fiber

84
Q

White matter?

A

Contains myelinated axons and dendrites

85
Q

Central canal?

A

Found in the center of the spinal cord, contains cerebrospinal fluid

86
Q

Spinal cord?

A

Communication between brain and body. Acts as a reflex center

87
Q

Somatic?

A

Serves skin skeletal, voluntary and muscle tendons

88
Q

Automatic?

A

Involuntary cardiac and smooth muscle tissues, responses are reflexes

89
Q

Sympathetic?

A

Fight or flight, high heart rate and high blood pressure and high breathing

90
Q

Parasympathetic?

A

Normal rest and digest

91
Q

Neuron?

A

Specialized cells for communication

92
Q

Neuroglia?

A

Provides physical support and nourishment to neurons

93
Q
  1. Olfactory?
A

Smell

94
Q
  1. Optic?
A

Inner layer of eye, photo receptors

95
Q
  1. Oculomotor?
A

Eye movement

96
Q
  1. Trachilear?
A

Eye movements up, down, right, left

97
Q
  1. Trigeminal?
A

Dentist nerve

98
Q
  1. Abducens?
A

Eye movement

99
Q
  1. Facial?
A

Facial expressions

100
Q
  1. Vestibulocochlear?
A

Lower and upper ear, hearing

101
Q
  1. Glossopharyngeal?
A

Coughing and swallowing

102
Q
  1. Vagus?
A

Coughing and swallowing

103
Q
  1. Spinal accessory?
A

Movement of head and shoulders

104
Q
  1. Hypoglossal?
A

Movement of tongue

105
Q

Adrenal glands?

A

Sits on tops of your kidneys , secrete medulla and cortex

106
Q

Adrenal medulla?

A

Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

107
Q

Adrenal cortex?

A

Secretes mineralcorticoids which regulates water and salt balance. And it secretes glucocorticoids that digests fats, carbs, and proteins

108
Q

Pancreas?

A

Secretes insulin which lowers blood sugar and secretes glucagon which raises blood sugar

109
Q

Thymus glands?

A

Secretes thymosine which fights infection

110
Q

Pineal gland?

A

Secrets melatonin

Human Bio (9 decks)

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