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Human Bio > Humab Bio Test 1 > Flashcards

Humab Bio Test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What’s biology?

A

The study of life

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1
Q

Avocados and nuts are examples of …

A

Polyunsaturated fat

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2
Q

What axial skeleton consists of …

A

80 bones

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3
Q

What’s taxonomy?

A

Branch of science that deals with classifying organisms.

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4
Q

Classifications of taxonomy…

A 
Kingdom 
Phylum
Class
Order
Family 
Genus 
Species
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5
Q

What’s prokaryotic?

A

Has no true nucleus

Monera Kingdom (bacteria)
Ex. Chlamydia, syphilis
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6
Q

What’s chemistry?

A

The study of matter.

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7
Q

What’s matter?

A

Anything with weight and takes up space.

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8
Q

3 phases of matter…

A
  1. Solid
  2. Liquid
  3. Gas
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9
Q

Gas?

A

No definite volume or shape

ex. Air

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10
Q

Solid?

A

Definite volume and shape

ex. Teeth,bones

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11
Q

Liquid?

A

Definite volume but no definite shape

ex. Blood

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12
Q

What are elements?

A

Building blocks of matter that can’t be broken down by chemical means.
96%-Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrogen,Carbon

4%-Calcium, Iron

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13
Q

What are atoms?

A

Smallest units of elements.

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14
Q

3 kinds of atoms…

A

Protons, neutrons, electrons

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15
Q

What are 3 types of bonds?

A
  1. Ionic
  2. Covalent
  3. Hydrogen
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16
Q

What are properties of water?

A
  • 2/3 of body weight is water
  • Regulates body temperature
  • Weight loss
  • Cools off your body
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17
Q

Who were the 3 scientists who discovered cells?

A

Robert Hooke 1665: discovered cork shaped cells

Anton Van Leuwenhaek: animalcules

Scleiden & Schwann: cell theory

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18
Q

Cytoplasm?

A

Fluid that separates nucleus from a plasma membrane.

Ex. Mitochondria, ribosomes, rough and smooth ER

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19
Q

Nucleus?

A

Control center of cell.

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20
Q

Nuclear pores?

A

Transports water.

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21
Q

Nuclear envelope?

A

Protects the plasma membrane.

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22
Q

Nucleolus?

A

“RNA” Protein Synthesis

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23
Q

Chromatin?

A

“DNA” genetic material

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24
Q

Plasma membrane?

A

Covers and protects cells

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25
Q

Cilia?

A

Hair like structure, movement

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26
Q

Rough ER and Smooth ER?

A

Smooth: no ribosomes does not produce protein

Rough: has ribosomes

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27
Q

Golgi apparatus?

A

Storage of everything “warehouse”

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28
Q

Mitochondria?

A

Energy power house of cell “ATP”

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29
Q

Cytoskeleton?

A

Helps maintain shape of cell
•Microtubules
•Actin filaments
•Intermediate filaments

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30
Q

Centrioles?

A

Helps aids in mitosis

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31
Q

Vesicles?

A

Transports water and substances

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32
Q

Diffusion?

A

Movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration until they’re evenly distributed.

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33
Q

Osmosis?

A

Movement of water.

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34
Q

Hypertonic?

A

Higher concentration of solute and lower solvent. Ex. Shriveled

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35
Q

Hypotonic?

A

Lower solute concentration of solvent and higher solvent.

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36
Q

Isotonic?

A

Same concentration.

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37
Q

Passive transport?

A

Does not require energy expenditure.

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38
Q

Active transport?

A

Requires energy expenditure.

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39
Q

Endocytosis?

A

White blood cells.

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40
Q

Exocytosis?

A

Elimination of waste products.

Ex. Digestion

41
Q

What are the functions of skeletal system?

A
  1. Supports body
  2. Protects the soft body parts
  3. Produces blood cells (white,red, platelets)
  4. Stores minerals and far (calcium)
42
Q

The 4 shapes of bones…

A
  1. Flat: thin ex. Ribs, skull, sternum
  2. Irregular: vertebrae ex. Coccyx, sacrum, lumbar, thoracic
  3. Sesamoid: patella
  4. Long bones: longer than they are wide ex. Humerus, ulna, femur
  5. Short bones: equal in length and width ex. Carpals & tarsals
43
Q

Tissue?

A

Group of cells that perform a common function.

44
Q

4 types of tissues?

A
  1. Connective: connects, binds, supports part of the body
  2. Muscle: allows movement and contraction
  3. Nervous: stores and process info, transmit, impulses
  4. Epithelial: absorbs, protects, excretes and covers
45
Q

Epithelial tissues, layers, shapes and functions?

A

Shape: squamous (flat) cuboidal (cubed shaped) columnar (rectangular)

Layers: simple (1layer) stratified (2/3layers) pseudostratified (looks like many layers but only 1)

Function: absorbs, protects, excretes and covers

46
Q

Skeletal muscle?

A

Voluntary and striated

Ex. Bones

47
Q

Cardiac muscle?

A

Involuntary and striated

Ex. Heart

48
Q

Smooth muscle?

A

Involuntary and nonstriated

Ex. Organs suck as stomach and respiratory

49
Q

Fibrous connective tissue?

A

Contains reticular, elastic, and collagen

50
Q

Supportive connective tissue?

A

Supports the body.

51
Q

Fluid connective tissue?

A

Red blood cells carries oxygen.

52
Q

Nervous tissue functions?

A

Stores and process info

Ex. Neurons

53
Q

Epidermis?

A

Top layer of skin.

54
Q

Epiphysis?

A

Ends of bone made mostly of spongy bone.

55
Q

Diaphysis?

A

Shaft of bone made of compact bone and filled with yellow marrow.

56
Q

Compact bone?

A
  • Composed of osteons with central canal containing blood vessels
  • Contains living bone cells called osteocytes
  • Chambers called lacunae
57
Q

Spongy bone?

A

•Made of plates with spaces filled with red bone marrow

58
Q

Osteoblasts?

A

Bone forming cells

59
Q

Osteocytes?

A

Mature bone cells

60
Q

Osteoclasts?

A

Bone absorbing cells

61
Q

Chondroytes?

A

Cartilage forming cells

62
Q

Facial bones?

A
  • Mandible
  • Maxillae
  • Zygomatic
  • Nasal bones
  • Hyoid
63
Q

Ionic bond?

A

Gaining and losing electrons.

64
Q

Hydrogen bond?

A

Between a hydrogen in a covalent bond and negatively changed atom water makes it stronger.

65
Q

Covalent bond?

A

Share electrons.

66
Q

Eukaryotic?

A 
Has a true nucleus.
       4 Kingdoms
1. Plantae- plants
2. Animalia- animals
3. Protista- algae
4. Fungi- mushrooms
67
Q

Scientific method?

A
  1. Observation
  2. Hypothesis
  3. Experimental
  4. Conclusion
  5. Scientific theory
68
Q

Observation?

A

You observe the whole experiment.

69
Q

Hypothesis?

A

You make an educated guess based on your observation.

70
Q

Experimental?

A

You apply all the materials to the process.

71
Q

Conclusion?

A

The outcome of your experiment.

72
Q

Scientific theory?

A

Calculation of the process that you just went over.

73
Q

Compound light microscope?

A
  • Uses light beams to burn images

* Lower magnification

74
Q

Transmission electron microscope?

A
  • 2D image

* Uses electrons to view internal structure

75
Q

Scanning electron microscope?

A
  • 3D image

* Uses electrons to view surface structures.

76
Q

What are cells?

A

Basic unit of life.

77
Q

Characteristics of life…

A
  • Reproduction
  • Growth & development
  • Homeostasis
  • Respond to stimuli
  • Evolution
78
Q

Living things organized…

A
  1. Atom
  2. Molecules
  3. Cells
  4. Tissues
  5. Organs
  6. Organs system
  7. Organisms
  8. Population
  9. Community
  10. Ecosystem
  11. Biosphere
79
Q

Acids?

A

Substances that dissociate and release hydrogen atoms.

Ex. Vinegar, tomatoes, stomach acid

80
Q

Bases?

A

Substances that take up hydrogen atoms or release hydroxyl ions.

Ex. Baking soda, bleach

81
Q

What pH scale?

A

A measure of hydrogen ion concentration.

82
Q

Carbohydrates?

A

Function is energy storage

83
Q

Monosaccharides?

A

1 sugar unit

Ex. Fructose (found in fruit)

84
Q

Disaccharides?

A

2 sugar units

Ex. Sucrose (sugar cane)

85
Q

Polysaccharides?

A

Many sugar units

Ex. Fat (bread, rice)

86
Q

Lipids?

A

Molecules that don’t dissolve in water.

87
Q

Fats?

A
  • Long term energy storage
  • Insulation from heat loss
  • Cushion for organs
88
Q

Deductive reasoning?

A

Based on theories

89
Q

Inductive reasoning?

A

Based on what you observe

90
Q

Saturated fat?

A

Butter, milk, cheese

91
Q

Monounsaturated fat?

A

Olive oil

92
Q

Polyunsaturated fat?

A

Nuts, avocado

93
Q

3 omega fatty acids?

A

Fish

94
Q

Primary proteins?

A

Sequence of amino acids

95
Q

Secondary proteins?

A

Alpha and beta pleated sheets

96
Q

Tertiary proteins?

A

3 dimensional shape

97
Q

Quartenary proteins?

A

Single polypeptide forms into proteins

98
Q

Proteins?

A
  • Transport
  • Motion
  • Support
  • Enzyme catalyst
99
Q

RNA?

A

Protein synthesis

100
Q

Isotopes?

A

Have same number of protons and neutrons

Human Bio (9 decks)

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