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Humab Bio Test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What’s biology?

A

The study of life

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1
Q

Avocados and nuts are examples of …

A

Polyunsaturated fat

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2
Q

What axial skeleton consists of …

A

80 bones

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3
Q

What’s taxonomy?

A

Branch of science that deals with classifying organisms.

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4
Q

Classifications of taxonomy…

A 
Kingdom 
Phylum
Class
Order
Family 
Genus 
Species
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5
Q

What’s prokaryotic?

A

Has no true nucleus

Monera Kingdom (bacteria)
Ex. Chlamydia, syphilis
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6
Q

What’s chemistry?

A

The study of matter.

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7
Q

What’s matter?

A

Anything with weight and takes up space.

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8
Q

3 phases of matter…

A
  1. Solid
  2. Liquid
  3. Gas
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9
Q

Gas?

A

No definite volume or shape

ex. Air

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10
Q

Solid?

A

Definite volume and shape

ex. Teeth,bones

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11
Q

Liquid?

A

Definite volume but no definite shape

ex. Blood

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12
Q

What are elements?

A

Building blocks of matter that can’t be broken down by chemical means.
96%-Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrogen,Carbon

4%-Calcium, Iron

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13
Q

What are atoms?

A

Smallest units of elements.

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14
Q

3 kinds of atoms…

A

Protons, neutrons, electrons

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15
Q

What are 3 types of bonds?

A
  1. Ionic
  2. Covalent
  3. Hydrogen
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16
Q

What are properties of water?

A
  • 2/3 of body weight is water
  • Regulates body temperature
  • Weight loss
  • Cools off your body
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17
Q

Who were the 3 scientists who discovered cells?

A

Robert Hooke 1665: discovered cork shaped cells

Anton Van Leuwenhaek: animalcules

Scleiden & Schwann: cell theory

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18
Q

Cytoplasm?

A

Fluid that separates nucleus from a plasma membrane.

Ex. Mitochondria, ribosomes, rough and smooth ER

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19
Q

Nucleus?

A

Control center of cell.

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20
Q

Nuclear pores?

A

Transports water.

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21
Q

Nuclear envelope?

A

Protects the plasma membrane.

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22
Q

Nucleolus?

A

“RNA” Protein Synthesis

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23
Q

Chromatin?

A

“DNA” genetic material

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24
Plasma membrane?
Covers and protects cells
25
Cilia?
Hair like structure, movement
26
Rough ER and Smooth ER?
Smooth: no ribosomes does not produce protein Rough: has ribosomes
27
Golgi apparatus?
Storage of everything "warehouse"
28
Mitochondria?
Energy power house of cell "ATP"
29
Cytoskeleton?
Helps maintain shape of cell •Microtubules •Actin filaments •Intermediate filaments
30
Centrioles?
Helps aids in mitosis
31
Vesicles?
Transports water and substances
32
Diffusion?
Movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration until they're evenly distributed.
33
Osmosis?
Movement of water.
34
Hypertonic?
Higher concentration of solute and lower solvent. Ex. Shriveled
35
Hypotonic?
Lower solute concentration of solvent and higher solvent.
36
Isotonic?
Same concentration.
37
Passive transport?
Does not require energy expenditure.
38
Active transport?
Requires energy expenditure.
39
Endocytosis?
White blood cells.
40
Exocytosis?
Elimination of waste products. | Ex. Digestion
41
What are the functions of skeletal system?
1. Supports body 2. Protects the soft body parts 3. Produces blood cells (white,red, platelets) 4. Stores minerals and far (calcium)
42
The 4 shapes of bones...
1. Flat: thin ex. Ribs, skull, sternum 2. Irregular: vertebrae ex. Coccyx, sacrum, lumbar, thoracic 3. Sesamoid: patella 4. Long bones: longer than they are wide ex. Humerus, ulna, femur 5. Short bones: equal in length and width ex. Carpals & tarsals
43
Tissue?
Group of cells that perform a common function.
44
4 types of tissues?
1. Connective: connects, binds, supports part of the body 2. Muscle: allows movement and contraction 3. Nervous: stores and process info, transmit, impulses 4. Epithelial: absorbs, protects, excretes and covers
45
Epithelial tissues, layers, shapes and functions?
Shape: squamous (flat) cuboidal (cubed shaped) columnar (rectangular) Layers: simple (1layer) stratified (2/3layers) pseudostratified (looks like many layers but only 1) Function: absorbs, protects, excretes and covers
46
Skeletal muscle?
Voluntary and striated | Ex. Bones
47
Cardiac muscle?
Involuntary and striated | Ex. Heart
48
Smooth muscle?
Involuntary and nonstriated | Ex. Organs suck as stomach and respiratory
49
Fibrous connective tissue?
Contains reticular, elastic, and collagen
50
Supportive connective tissue?
Supports the body.
51
Fluid connective tissue?
Red blood cells carries oxygen.
52
Nervous tissue functions?
Stores and process info Ex. Neurons
53
Epidermis?
Top layer of skin.
54
Epiphysis?
Ends of bone made mostly of spongy bone.
55
Diaphysis?
Shaft of bone made of compact bone and filled with yellow marrow.
56
Compact bone?
* Composed of osteons with central canal containing blood vessels * Contains living bone cells called osteocytes * Chambers called lacunae
57
Spongy bone?
•Made of plates with spaces filled with red bone marrow
58
Osteoblasts?
Bone forming cells
59
Osteocytes?
Mature bone cells
60
Osteoclasts?
Bone absorbing cells
61
Chondroytes?
Cartilage forming cells
62
Facial bones?
* Mandible * Maxillae * Zygomatic * Nasal bones * Hyoid
63
Ionic bond?
Gaining and losing electrons.
64
Hydrogen bond?
Between a hydrogen in a covalent bond and negatively changed atom water makes it stronger.
65
Covalent bond?
Share electrons.
66
Eukaryotic?
``` Has a true nucleus. 4 Kingdoms 1. Plantae- plants 2. Animalia- animals 3. Protista- algae 4. Fungi- mushrooms ```
67
Scientific method?
1. Observation 2. Hypothesis 3. Experimental 4. Conclusion 5. Scientific theory
68
Observation?
You observe the whole experiment.
69
Hypothesis?
You make an educated guess based on your observation.
70
Experimental?
You apply all the materials to the process.
71
Conclusion?
The outcome of your experiment.
72
Scientific theory?
Calculation of the process that you just went over.
73
Compound light microscope?
* Uses light beams to burn images | * Lower magnification
74
Transmission electron microscope?
* 2D image | * Uses electrons to view internal structure
75
Scanning electron microscope?
* 3D image | * Uses electrons to view surface structures.
76
What are cells?
Basic unit of life.
77
Characteristics of life...
* Reproduction * Growth & development * Homeostasis * Respond to stimuli * Evolution
78
Living things organized...
1. Atom 2. Molecules 3. Cells 4. Tissues 5. Organs 6. Organs system 7. Organisms 8. Population 9. Community 10. Ecosystem 11. Biosphere
79
Acids?
Substances that dissociate and release hydrogen atoms. Ex. Vinegar, tomatoes, stomach acid
80
Bases?
Substances that take up hydrogen atoms or release hydroxyl ions. Ex. Baking soda, bleach
81
What pH scale?
A measure of hydrogen ion concentration.
82
Carbohydrates?
Function is energy storage
83
Monosaccharides?
1 sugar unit Ex. Fructose (found in fruit)
84
Disaccharides?
2 sugar units Ex. Sucrose (sugar cane)
85
Polysaccharides?
Many sugar units Ex. Fat (bread, rice)
86
Lipids?
Molecules that don't dissolve in water.
87
Fats?
* Long term energy storage * Insulation from heat loss * Cushion for organs
88
Deductive reasoning?
Based on theories
89
Inductive reasoning?
Based on what you observe
90
Saturated fat?
Butter, milk, cheese
91
Monounsaturated fat?
Olive oil
92
Polyunsaturated fat?
Nuts, avocado
93
3 omega fatty acids?
Fish
94
Primary proteins?
Sequence of amino acids
95
Secondary proteins?
Alpha and beta pleated sheets
96
Tertiary proteins?
3 dimensional shape
97
Quartenary proteins?
Single polypeptide forms into proteins
98
Proteins?
* Transport * Motion * Support * Enzyme catalyst
99
RNA?
Protein synthesis
100
Isotopes?
Have same number of protons and neutrons

Human Bio (9 decks)

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