Human Bio EST

Question 1

define sprain, what would its symptoms be

Answer 1

a stretch or tear to a ligament. swelling, heat, bruising, inability to bear weight, redness

Question 2

How would a sprain be treated

Answer 2

RICER

Question 3

define strain, what would its symptoms be

Answer 3

a stretch or tear to a tendon or muscle. pain when moving, inability to bear weight.

Question 4

how do you treat a strain

Answer 4

rest, avoid working the injured area until healed

Question 5

define dislocation, what are its symptoms

Answer 5

an injury where a joint has been forced out of its normal position. pain when moving, inability to move joint, floppy, swelling.

Question 6

how do you treat a dislocation

Answer 6

relocation by medical professional, surgery in severe cases.

Question 7

what is a fracture, what are its symptoms

Answer 7

a complete or partial break in the bone. pain in area, area appearing misshapen, visible bone, inability to bear weight.

Question 8

how is a fracture treated

Answer 8

healing over time in a cast, resting, surgery in severe cases.

Question 9

what is the purpose of joints. how do they work

Answer 9

allows the body to move more freely and fluidly. ligaments connect two bones at the joint, muscles are attached to these bones via tendons. a muscle contracts and pulls on a bone, creating a bend at the joint.

Question 10

what are the 3 types of joints, give an example for each.

Answer 10

immovable: skull
slightly movable: spine vertebrae
free: knee

Question 11

describe a diagram of a synovial joint.

Answer 11

the ends two bones meet, both ends are covered in cartilage to reduce friction. the bones attach via ligaments. synovial fluid surrounds the junction to lubricate the bones during movement. surrounding muscles attach to the bones via tendons.

Question 12

5 main functions of the skeletal system

Answer 12

support/posture
protection
movement
red blood cell production
storage of fats + minerals

Question 13

explain the difference between red and yellow bone marroe

Answer 13

red bone marrow is found in flat bones mainly, it produces red blood cells. yellow bone marrow is found in long bones and produces fats.

Question 14

what is the purpose of the nervous system

Answer 14

to help the body maintain homeostasis by responding to the external environment and responding appropriately. it also coordinated bodily functions like movement or digestion.

Question 15

explain the negative feedback loop

Answer 15

how the body maintains homeostasis. the body detects changes e.g. body temp increasing and sends a msg to the brain, a decision is make and a response is put into action to bring the temp back - msg is sent to sweat glands and they produce sweat to help the body return to its normal state.

Question 16

describe a neuron

Answer 16

dendrites, cell body/soma - nucleus in middle, axon surrounded by myelin sheath, axon terminal.

Question 17

describe the pathway of an electrical signal

Answer 17

• receptors pick up stimulus
• sensory neuron carries msg to relay neurons
• relay neurons carry msg to brain
• brain makes conscious decision
• response is coordinated
• relay neurons carry msg to motor neurons and action occurs

Question 18

explain a reflex

Answer 18

an unconscious response to a stimulus, occurs very quick to keep the body safe. to do this the msg does not travel to the brain only the spine (which is why the action is unconscious), white and gray matter act together to coordinate response, msg carried to motor neurons and response happens.