Geography

Question 1

Hazard geography is the study of:

Answer 1

• Human and natural factors that can produce a range of hazards that can impact communities and people
• The methods used to understand how hazards work and how communities respond to them

Question 2

What is a natural hazard?

Answer 2

An extreme geographical event with the potential to cause harm.

Question 3

What is an ecological hazard?

Answer 3

An interaction between living organisms or living organisms and the environment with the potential to cause harm.

Question 4

What are the 3 types of NATURAL hazards

Answer 4

• Hydrological
• Geological
• Atmospherical

Question 5

Explain what a hydrological hazards is, give 2 examples

Answer 5

A hazard originating from the hydrosphere/involving water. e.g. flood, tsunami.

Question 6

Explain what a geological hazard is, give 2 examples.

Answer 6

A hazard originating from the geo/lithosphere. e.g. earthquake, volcano.

Question 7

Explain what a atmospherical hazard is, give 2 examples.

Answer 7

A hazard originating from the atmosphere. e.g. storm, oxygen deficiencies.

Question 8

What are the 3 types of ecological hazards.

Answer 8

• Infectious/vector borne diseases
• Invasive species
  -Pollution and pollutants

Question 9

Explain what an infectious/vector borne disease is, give 2 examples.

Answer 9

A disease transferred from person to person or carried by organisms. e.g. COVID-19, Malaria.

Question 10

Explain what pollution/pollutants are, give 2 examples.

Answer 10

Substances introduced into the environment causing a hazard. e.g. oil pollution, chemical spills.

Question 11

Explain what an invasive species is, give 2 examples.

Answer 11

A species introduced into the environment by humans (can be intentional or unintentional). e.g. cane toads, rabbits.

Question 12

Define risk management:

Answer 12

The processes taken before, during and after a hazard event.

Question 13

How are risks managed for both hazard types.

Answer 13

Both managed with the mitigation > preparedness > response cycle.

Question 14

Explain mitigation, give an example for COVID and earthquakes.

Answer 14

• Actions taken to prevent/eliminate risks associated with a hazard.
  E.Q = incorporating seismic engineering into infrastructure
  COV = vaccinations.

Question 15

Explain preparedness, give an example for COVID and earthquakes.

Answer 15

• Policies and procedures in place to educate and make people aware of what to do in the case of a given hazard.
  E.Q. = alarms/early warning systems
  COV = informative signs/ads about social distancing or handwashing.

Question 16

Explain response, give an example for COVID and earthquakes.

Answer 16

• What a community does immediately after a hazard has struck
  E.Q. = the first emergency services to show up.
  COV = restrictions and lockdowns.

Question 17

Name 3 risks associated with earthquakes.

Answer 17

• Loss of property and life
• Effects on jobs, economy and infrastructure
• Effects on physical and mental health

Question 18

Name 3 risks associated with COVID.

Answer 18

• Loss of life
• Effects on jobs and economy
• Effects on education

Question 19

Explain physical factors effecting vulnerability to earthquakes.

Answer 19

• proximity (closer = ^ vulnerability)
• Number, type and regularity of hazard (regular, medium to intense earthquakes = ^ vulnerability)

Question 20

Explain human factors effecting vulnerability to earthquakes.

Answer 20

• Building design (better designs withstand aftershocks better = decrease vulnerability)
• Scientific understanding of hazard (better understanding allows better management = decreased vulnerability)

Question 21

Explain physical factors effecting vulnerability to COVID.

Answer 21

• Prevalence of other diseases/illnesses (weakened immune systems and high pressures in healthcare system = ^ vulnerability)