Human-animal warriors, helmets, and shields

Question 1

apotropaism

Answer 1

takes on symbolism and powers of another animal for protection (perceived protection through words, gestures, objects etc.)
use of ritual and other magical means (including charms and/or incantations) to avert bad luck

Question 2

zoomorphic

Answer 2

has animal characteristics

Question 3

specific animals associated with martial prowess in west

Answer 3

Boars, raptorial birds, Wolves, bears

Question 4

appearance of zoomorphic iconography on helmets and shields suggests

Answer 4

animal imagery was emblematic, conveyed specific qualities to warriors in battle

Question 5

Witham shield

Answer 5

4th C depicts a male boar, imagery suggests aggression, no retreating, acts alone, hard to kill (thick hide), apex predators

Question 6

Gunderstrup cauldron finials

Answer 6

zoomorphic finials suggest high rank, speed, strike from above (raptorial bird), weaponry (talons, beak), great strength

Question 7

Benty Grange helmet

Answer 7

(650) evokes ferocity, speed, aggression of boar on finial (apotropaic qualities), cross on nasal guard indicates christian times -> Constantinian myth (syncretism)
similar to beowulfs boar helmet

Question 8

Sutton who

Answer 8

bear on shoulder clasp, shield with fantastical bird, dragon/serpentine creature

Question 9

Vendel period

Answer 9

550-790, shapeshifting plaques

Question 10

beserkergang

Answer 10

being in the beserker state (temporary transformation associated with wearing bear/wolf skins)

Question 11

Odin and the besereker plaque

Answer 11

6th C vendel period

Question 12

saga of Hrolf Kraki

Answer 12

6th-5th C, Bjorn is hit by a wolf glove by Queen Hvit, becomes bear form every morning, at night is human. killed by kings hunters, hid ring under his arm

Question 13

what do rings represent for berserkergang?

Answer 13

the characters humanity

Question 14

what is required for apotropaism to work?

Answer 14

belief in it

Question 15

Kamakura shoganute

Answer 15

1185

Question 16

end of the Edo period

Answer 16

1868

Question 17

Shoguns

Answer 17

military governors that samurai pledge allegiance to

Question 18

samurai

Answer 18

analogous to medieval european knights

Question 19

Bushido

Answer 19

the way of the warrior (samurai code)

Question 20

giri

Answer 20

moral obligation/duty

Question 21

chugi

Answer 21

loyalty

Question 22

Shiba yoshimasa

Answer 22

(1350-1410) wrote the Chikubasho

Question 23

Chikubasho

Answer 23

1383, text that gives instruction on proper behavior for the military

Question 24

what types of animals are medatae (what do they mean)?

Answer 24

butterfly -> nimble, graceful, light on your feet, delicate and refined

Question 25

Kabuto

Answer 25

samurai helmets

Question 26

hachimanza

Answer 26

small hole on the top of samurai helmets (for ventilation and to allow heavenly spirit to enter brain in battle)