Human anatomy exam 3 Chapter 22

Question 1

What does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 1

• Returns fluids that have leaked from the circulatory system back to the blood
• Protects by removing foreign material
• Protects by providing a site for immune surveillance

Question 2

What are the components of the lymphatic system?

Answer 2

The lymphatic vessels and capillaries

Question 3

What do lymphatic vessels do?

Answer 3

• travel and associated w/ blood vessels

- not found in bones teeth bone marrow and the CNS

Question 4

What do lymphatic capillaries consist of?

Answer 4

• microscopic blind (ended tubes)

- Lacteals which are specialized lymph capillaries of the intestinal mucousa

Question 5

Where can fatty lymph be found? and what are they?

Answer 5

• can be found in the lacteals of the capillaries of the lymphatic system
• it is chime that contains fats and fat soluble material absorbed in the lacteals

Question 6

Is the lymphatic vessel permeable and how come?

Answer 6

• it is permeable

- permeable because of the presence of endothelial cells not tightly joined

Question 7

what are the anatomical features of the lymphatic vessel?

4

Answer 7

• permeable
• forms mini valves
• has collagen filaments to anchor to surrounding structure
• proteins and large particles are able to enter lymph vessels

Question 8

how do the mini valves work for the lymphatic vessel?

Answer 8

if fluid pressure in interstitial is greater than pressure in lymph capillary then the valves open and fluid enters the vessel

Question 9

what occurs if the fluid pressure interstially is less then the pressure of the lymph capillary?

Answer 9

the mini valves within the lymphatic vessel would not open

Question 10

how does the lympatic system transport materials

Answer 10

• through a circulation a low pressure system
• valves,respiratory pumps and muscular pumps to move lymph towards the heart
• uses capillaries

Question 11

what duct receives lymph from the rest of the body

Answer 11

the thoracic duct

Question 12

what are the lymphoid cells of the body?

Answer 12

• Lymphocytes
• T Cells
• B Lymphocytes
• Macrophages
• Dendritic Cells
• Reticular cells

Question 13

What does the lymphatic tissue do?

Answer 13

• provides a site for proliferations and houses the lymphocytes
• primarily composes of reticular CT
• Diffuses lymphatic tissue
• the lymphoid follicals also contain the dendritic cells and B cells

Question 14

What are the lymphoid organs?

Answer 14

• lymph nodes
• spleen
• thymus
• Tonsils
• Clumps of Lymphoid follicals
• Malt (mucousa associated lymphatic tissue)

Question 15

What does the lymphatic organ known as the lymph nodes do and found?

Answer 15

• filter lymph w lymphatic vessels
• embedded in connective tissue
• Found in inguinal,axillary and cervical regions

Question 16

State the pathway of lymph entering and exiting the nodes?

Answer 16

• lymph enters node through the AFFERENT lymphatic vessels

- lymph exits the node through the EFFERENT lymphatic vessels

Question 17

What is the largest lymphoid organ

Answer 17

The spleen

Question 18

What does the spleen do in the lymphatic system?

Answer 18

• cleanses body by removing old RBC/ platelets
• Stores break products of RBC’s
• Site of erythropoiesis in fetus

Question 19

What does the thymus organ do for the lymphatic system?

Answer 19

• the site of T cell maturation

- Lacks B cells and no reticular fibers are present

Question 20

The lymphoid organ known as the tonsils have 3 different pairs and are 6 in total what are they?

Answer 20

• Paletine tonsils
• Lingual Tonsil
• Land pharyngeal tonsils

Question 21

what do the clumps of lymphoid follicles do?

Answer 21

• destroy bacteria and prevent pathogens from slipping through intestinal walls
• they generate memory lymphocytes as well (long term immunity)

Question 22

Where can MALT(mucosa associated with the lymphatic tissues be found)?

Answer 22

• tonsils
• peyers patches
• appendix
• follicles found in bronchi

Question 23

What are the first line of defense for the immune system?

Answer 23

• skin (keratine and epidermis)

- mucousa such as mucus nasal hair and cilia, tear saliva and gastric juices

Question 24

What is the second line of defense of the immune system?

Answer 24

• phagocytes include (macrophage, neutrophils, mast cells, and eiosinophils)
• Natural killer cells
• antimicrobial proteins (interferons)
• inflammatory response

Question 25

how does the inflammatory response work?

Answer 25

• redness, heat, swelling, pain and impairment of function

- prevents spread of damaging agents to nearby tissue

Question 26

what is a specific defense for the immune system?

Answer 26

the adaptive immune response

Question 27

what does the adaptive immune response consist of?

Answer 27

• antigens
• cell mediated immunity (t-lymphocytes)
• humoral immunity
• plasma cells

Question 28

how many parts to the immune response are there?

Answer 28

the primary response and the secondary response

Question 29

what does the primary response of the immune system consist of?

Answer 29

B and T cells encounter the antigen

• triggers proliferation of specific B and T cells
• produces antibodies for several weeks
• individual shows symptons

Question 30

What does the secondary response of the immune system consist of ?

Answer 30

Memory B and T cells are activated

-response is faster and shorter duration than the primary immune resoponse