HUMAN ACTS AND MORAL ACCOUNTABILITY

Question 1

refer to actions that proceed from insight into the nature and purpose of one’s doing and from consent of free will.

Answer 1

Human acts

Question 2

These are those actions done by a person in certain situations which are essentially the result of his ______________________. Hence, these actions are performed by man knowingly, freely and voluntarily.

Answer 2

conscious knowledge, freedom and voluntariness or consent

Question 3

BASIC ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACTS

Answer 3

THE ACT MUST BE DELIBERATE
THE ACT MUST BE PERFORMED IN FREEDOM
THE ACT MUST BE DONE VOLUNTARILY

Question 4

It must be performed by a conscious agent who is very much aware of what he is doing and of its consequences.

Answer 4

THE ACT MUST BE DELIBERATE

Question 5

It must be done by an agent who is freely acting, with his own volition and power.

Answer 5

THE ACT MUST BE PERFORMED IN FREEDOM

Question 6

It must be performed by an agent who decides willfully to perform the act. This willfulness is the resolve to do an act here and now, or in some other time in the future

Answer 6

THE ACT MUST BE DONE VOLUNTARILY

Question 7

THE ABSENCE OR LACK OF ANY OF THESE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS RENDERS AN ENTIRE ACT __________ AND LESS VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY,WHICH IN TURN ALSO AFFECTS ITS MORAL QUALITY.

Answer 7

DEFECTIVE

Question 8

MAJOR DETERMINANTS OF THE MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTS

Answer 8

THE ACT ITSELF OR THE OBJECT OF THE ACT
THE MOTIVES OR THE INTENTION

Question 9

They are the actions that are done or performed by an agent or simply what the person does. More concretely, the object of the act is that effect which an action primarily and directly causes.

Answer 9

THE ACT ITSELF OR THE OBJECT OF THE ACT

Question 10

It the reason behind our acting. Depending on one’s motive or intention, a particular act can be modified in its moral worth

Answer 10

THE MOTIVES OR THE INTENTION

Question 11

can become morally good or morally evil depending upon the intention of the person doing the act.

Answer 11

indifferent act

Question 12

becomes morally evil due to a wrong or bad motive.

Answer 12

objectively good act

Question 13

can receive added goodness if done with an equally noble intention or motive.

Answer 13

intrinsically morally good act

Question 14

can never become morally good even if it is done with a good motive or intention.

Answer 14

intrinsically evil act

Question 15

The moral goodness or badness of an act is determined not only by the object or act itself, plus the motive or intention of the moral agent, but also on the

Answer 15

circumstances or situation surrounding the performance of the action

Question 16

are those conditions outside of the act

Answer 16

circumstances

Question 17

They affect the act by aggravating, mitigating, exempting or justifying the voluntariness or freedom and thus affecting the morality of the act.

Answer 17

CIRCUMSTANCES

Question 18

FOUR TYPES OF CIRCUMSTANCES THAT AFFECT THE MORALITY OF THE ACT

Answer 18

MITIGATING OR EXTENUATING CIRCUMSTANCES
AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES
JUSTIFYING CIRCUMSTANCES
SPECIFYING CIRCUMSTANCES

Question 19

They lessen or decrease the degree of moral good or evil in an act.

Answer 19

MITIGATING OR EXTENUATING CIRCUMSTANCES

Question 20

They increase the degree of moral good or evil in an act without adding a new and distinct species of moral good or evil.

Answer 20

AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES

Question 21

They show adequate reason for some acts done. They diminish voluntariness and culpability.

Answer 21

JUSTIFYING CIRCUMSTANCES

Question 22

They give a new and distinct species of moral good or evil of the act.

Answer 22

SPECIFYING CIRCUMSTANCES

Question 23

Antecedent Concupiscence

Answer 23

MITIGATING OR EXTENUATING CIRCUMSTANCES

Question 24

Murder, Direct Abortion

Answer 24

AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCE

Question 25

Self-defense or Just war

Answer 25

JUSTIFYING CIRCUMSTANCES

Question 26

The killer is minor or mentally challenge

Answer 26

SPECIFYING CIRCUMSTANCES