Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ADT Module 1-4 > HTN, CHF, Other Cardio > Flashcards

HTN, CHF, Other Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

ACE inhibitors are the DOC for what 2 diseases?

A

CHF and Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the normal digoxin range?

A

0.5-2.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is normal INR range?

What is normal for pt’s w/mechanical heart valve?

A
  1. 0-3.0

2. 5-3.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

___ is known as the “silent killer” and is usually asymptomatic in pt’s.

A

HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or False: High diastolic b/p is no longer considered to be more dangerous than high systolic b/p.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Target organs for ___ is the heart, brain, kidneys, peripheral vascular.

A

HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Best tx for HTN alone:

A

thiazie diuretics (HCTZ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Best tx for HTN w/diabetes:

A

ACE inhibitor (captopril) or ARB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Best tx for A-fib:

A

anticoagulant (warfarin/coumadin) - start on 5mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Best tx for CHF: (1st and 2nd line therapy)

A

thiazide diuretic (HCTZ) - 1st, ACE inhibitors - 2nd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Best tx for HTN in african-americans:

A

calcium-channel blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Best tx for fluid overload/edema:

A

loop diuretic (furosemide/lasix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antihypertensive categories include:

A

adrenergics (beta-blockers), angiotensin convering enzyme (ACE inhibitors), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB’s), calcium channel blockers, diuretics, vasodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adrenergic, aka ___-___ and have suffix of ___. Examples include:

A

beta-blockers, alol,

propranolol (inderal), atenolol (tenormin), nebivolol (bystolic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False: Adrenergics include, cardioselective and nonselective (beta 1 and beta 2 receptors)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Centrally acting alpha 2 receptor agonists include:___. Use when others have failed d/t adverse effects. They can also be used for tx of dysmenorrhea and glaucoma.

A

clonidine (catapres), methyldopa (aldomet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Peripheral alpha 1 blockers have the suffix of ___ and include: ___. ___ is used to relieve symptoms of BPH.

A

zosin, doxazosin (cardura), terazosin (hytrin), tamsulozin (flomax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dual action alpha 1 and beta receptor blockers are useful in ___ and include:

A

carvedilol (coreg) and labetalol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Clonidine is useful in the management of ___ withdrawal.

A

opioid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Adrenergic drugs have a high incidence of ___ ___.

A

orthostatic hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ACE inhibitors have suffix of ___. They prevent the formation of ___ and inhibit ___.

A

pril, angiotensin II, aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ACE inhibitors have renal protective properties and are effective in ___ pts. ___ is often used.

A

diabetic, captopril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ACE inhibitors include:

A

captopril (capoten), enalapril (vasotec), lisinopril (zestril), quinapril (accupril)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hyperkalemia and dry nonproductive cough are adverse effects with ___.

A

ACE inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB’s) are a ___ class and has suffix of ___. They include:

A

newer, sartan, losartan (cozaar), valsartan (diovan), irbesartan (avapro)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

ARB’s do not produce the ___ ___ like ACE’s do, and are much less likely to cause ___ like the ACE’s do.

A

dry cough, hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

ARB’s can cause ___ hypotension bc they are potent even at ___ doses.

A

orthostatic, low

28
Q

Calcium channel blockers have suffix of ___, ___, ___ and include:

A

zem, mil, dipine, diltiazem (cardizem), verapamil, amlodipine (norvasc), nifedipine (procardia)

29
Q

CCB’s can cause worsening of ___, so be cautious w/those pts.

A

CHF

30
Q

Interactions w/ ___ ___ and CCB’s can occur, so instruct pt to take either ___ hrs before or ___ hrs after consuming.

A

grapefruit, 2, 2

31
Q

What drug class is the 1st line agent for tx of HTN? How do they work?

A

diuretics, decreases workload of heart and decreases b/p

32
Q

___ are used in poorly controlled HTN pts and angina and include:

A

Vasodilators, diazoxide, hydralazine, sodium nitroprusside (nitropress)

33
Q

Goal for b/p in in pts > 60yrs = ___.

Goal for b/p in pts < 60 yrs = ___.

A

150/90

140/90

34
Q

Instruct pt’s to never do what if they miss a dose? Pt’s should never abruptly ___ bc this may lead to rebound hypertensive crisis.

A

double up, stop

35
Q

Other factors important in lowering b/p:

A

diet, exercise, stress management, avoid smoking and foods high in sodium

36
Q

Teach pt’s to change ___ slowly to avoid a ___ episode.

A

positions, syncopal

37
Q

Report any significant wt gain of ___ lbs in a day or ___ lbs in a wk. This can indicate an exacerbation of ___.

A

2, 5, CHF

38
Q

For males, ___ is a s/e of many b/p meds.

A

impotence

39
Q

___ accelerate the rate of urine formation. Results in the removal of excessive ___ and ___. Useful in management of ___ and ___.

A

Diuretics, sodium, water, CHF, HTN

40
Q

Where sodium goes, ___ follows.

A

water

41
Q

Types of diuretics include:

A

thiazide and thiazide-like, loop, K-sparing

42
Q

Thiazide diuretics have suffix of ___ and include:

A

zide, HCTZ, chlorothiazide (diurel), metolazone (zaroxolyn)

43
Q

___ ___ should not be used if creatinine clearance is less than 30-50.

A

Thiazide diuretics

44
Q

___ ___ are used for: HTN, edematous states, hypercalciuria, diab insipidus, HF

A

Thiazide diuretics

45
Q

Thiazide duiretics can cause ___, but not as bad as ___ diuretics.

A

hypokalemia, loop

46
Q

Loop diuretics include: ___. Have the biggest potential for depletion of ___ and ___.

A

bumetanide (bumex), furosemide (lasix), torsemide (demedex), potassium, sodium

47
Q

___ ___ have the adverse effects of hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia.

A

Loop diuretics

48
Q

K-sparing diuretics include: ___. Work to inhibit aldosterone. Concerned w/___ bc it spares it.

A

amiloride, spironolactone (aldactone), triamterene, hyperkalemia

49
Q

Before initiating ___ therapy, get baseline fluid volume status, intake, and output, serum electrolytes, ht/wt.

A

diuretic

50
Q

The medication ___ can cause gynecomastia, amenorrhea, irregular menses, and postmenopausal bleeding.

A

spironolactone

51
Q

Instruct pt to take diuretics ___ in day to avoid interrupting ___ patterns. Eat more ___ foods except when on K-sparing diuretic. K-rich foods include:

A

early, sleep, K-rich, bananas, legumes, oranges, broccoli, green beans, potatoes, fish, raisins

52
Q

Pt’s taking diuretics along w/digitalis should be taught to monitor for ___ ___. Signs are ___ in vision, ___ vision, and ___.

A

dig toxicity, change, halo, anorexia

53
Q

Diabetic pts who are taking ___ and/or ___ diuretics should be told to monitor blood glucose d/t ___.

A

thiazide, loop, hyperglycemia

54
Q

Pt’s who have been ill w/n/v/d should notify provider d/t risk of ___ if continue taking diuretics.

A

hypovolemia

55
Q

Signs of ___ include: muscle weakness, irregular pulse rate, and lethargy

A

hypokalemia

56
Q

Excessive consumption of ___ can l/t hypokalemia in pt’s taking thiazides.

A

licorice

57
Q

The heart is unable to pump blood in sufficient amounts from the ventricles to meet the body’s metabolic needs is known as:

A

Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)

58
Q

Drug therapy for CHF include:

A

ACE inhibitors, ARB’s, BB, aldosterone blocking agents, cardiac glycosides

59
Q

___ is the most commonly BB drug used, allowing for more ___ filling.

A

metoprolol, ventricular

60
Q

Cardiac glycosides, like ___ is no longer used as __-line treatment. They ___ myocardial contractility and ___ rate of electrical conduction and ___ refractory period.

A

digoxin, first, increase, decreased, prolong

61
Q

___ ___ are used for paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, cough, and cyanosis, HF, A-fib or flutter.

A

cardiac glycosides

62
Q

Digoxin (lanoxin) is highly ___ bound and has a ___ therapeutic window, which is ___-___. Can cause ___.

A

protein, narrow, 0.5-2.0, dysrhythmias

63
Q

Electrolyte levels must be monitored while on ___. Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypercalcemia may l/d ___.

A

digoxin, toxicity

64
Q

Antidote for dig toxicity is ___. Given if level is > ___.

A

digibind, 2

65
Q

While taking digoxin, assess apical pulse for ___ minute. For pulse outside of 60-100 parameters, ___ dose. Also check for drug to drug interactions such as ___ diuretics (bc they excrete K).

A

1, hold, loop

66
Q

Avoid giving digoxin w/high-___ foods bc it binds w/the medication. Take at ___ time every day.

A

fiber, same

67
Q

Refrain from ETOH, smoking, high-sodium foods while on any ___ meds.

A

HF

ADT Module 1-4 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions