Arcangelo Chapter 12 - Fungal Infections of the Skin

Question 1

What is the term for the group of fungi that infect nonviable keratinized cutaneous tissues?

Answer 1

Dermatophytes

Question 2

What is another term for dermatophytosis?

Answer 2

Tinea

Question 3

What are the five most common types of fungus?

Answer 3

1) Trichophyton rubrum
2) Tricophyton tonsaurus
3) Tricophyton mentagrophytes
4) Microsporum canis
5) Epidermophyton floccosum

Question 4

What are three diagnosis methods for fungus?

Answer 4

1) KOH preparation - rod-shaped filaments with branching
2) Culture
3) Wood’s lamp for Microsporum species

Question 5

Where is tinea capitis located?

Answer 5

On the head

Question 6

How does tinea capitis present?

Answer 6

1) scaly, alopecic patches
2) diffuse scaling with round ares of alopecia
3) gray patches with round areas of scaly plaque
4) tender, pustular nodules

Question 7

Where is tinea corporis located?

Answer 7

On the body

Question 8

Tinea corporis is also called what?

Answer 8

Ringworm

Question 9

How does tinea corporis present?

Answer 9

Ring-shaped lesions with well-demarcated margins, central clearing and a scaly border

Question 10

What is the causitive agent for tinea capitis?

Answer 10

T. tonsurans and M. canis

Question 11

What is the causitive agent for tinea corporis?

Answer 11

M. canis and T. rubrum

Question 12

Where is tinea cruris located?

Answer 12

The groin and inguinal folds

Question 13

Tinea cruris is also called what?

Answer 13

Jock itch

Question 14

How does tinea cruris present?

Answer 14

Large, erythematous well- demarcated macular lesions with a clearing center and peripheral spread

Question 15

What is a common symptom of tinea cruris?

Answer 15

Pruritus or a burning sensation

Question 16

What is the causitive agent for tinea cruris?

Answer 16

T. rubrum or E. floccosum

Question 17

Where is tinea pedis located?

Answer 17

On the feet

Question 18

Tinea pedis is also called what?

Answer 18

Athlete’s foot

Question 19

How does tinea pedis present?

Answer 19

1) Interdigital with scaling and macerations
2) Plantar with diffuse scaling
3) Acute vesicular with bullae on soles, great toe, instep

Question 20

What is the causitive agent for tinea pedis?

Answer 20

T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes

Question 21

Where is tinea manus located?

Answer 21

On the hand

Question 22

Tinea manus is always associated with what?

Answer 22

Tinea pedis (usually unilateral)

Question 23

How does tinea manus present?

Answer 23

Diffuse scaling of the palms and grouped vesicles

Question 24

Where is tinea unguium located?

Answer 24

On the fingernails and toenails

Question 25

Tinea unguium is also called what?

Answer 25

Onychomycosis

Question 26

How does tinea unguium present?

Answer 26

Thick, scaly toenails with subungual debris

Question 27

What is the causitive agent for tinea unguium?

Answer 27

E. floccosum, T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Candida albicans

Question 28

Topical therapy is used for most skin infections with what exceptions?

Answer 28

Tinea capita and tinea unguium

Question 29

What is the first line therapy for tinea corporus, pedis, cruris, or manus?

Answer 29

Topical azole antifungals for 2-4 weeks (1 week past cure)

Question 30

What is the first line therapy for tinea capitis?

Answer 30

Microsize giseofulvin for 8 weeks with fatty food

Question 31

What is the first line therapy for tinea unguium?

Answer 31

Itraconizole with food for 3-4 months (7 days of each month)

Question 32

Where is tinea versicolor located?

Answer 32

On the trunk, upper arms and neck

Question 33

Tinea versicolor is also called what?

Answer 33

Pityriasis versicolor

Question 34

How does tines versicolor present?

Answer 34

As well-defined round or oval macules with an overlay of scales

Question 35

What is the first-line therapy for tinea versicolor?

Answer 35

Selenium sulfide solution 1% or 2.5% applied once daily for 15 minutes and then washed off

Question 36

What is the causative agent for tinea versicolor?

Answer 36

Pityrosporum ovale

Question 37

Where does candidiasis appear?

Answer 37

The skin and mucous membranes (diaper area, oral cavity, intertriginous areas, nails, vagina, and male genitalia)

Question 38

What is the causitive agent of candidiasis?

Answer 38

Candidia albicans

Question 39

How does candidiasis present?

Answer 39

This differs by the area: Intertrigo as red, moist papules or pustules Diaper as erythema and edema, papular lesions, oozing Interdigital as maceration Male genitalia as balantitis pustules on glans Paronchya as red, swollen and separation Follicular as pustules Oral as white plaque

Question 40

What is the first-line treatment for candidiasis?

Answer 40

Cool soaks with burrow's solution 2-3 times daily or oral nystatin for 10-14 days