Arcangelo Chapter 12 - Fungal Infections of the Skin Flashcards
What is the term for the group of fungi that infect nonviable keratinized cutaneous tissues?
Dermatophytes
What is another term for dermatophytosis?
Tinea
What are the five most common types of fungus?
1) Trichophyton rubrum
2) Tricophyton tonsaurus
3) Tricophyton mentagrophytes
4) Microsporum canis
5) Epidermophyton floccosum
What are three diagnosis methods for fungus?
1) KOH preparation - rod-shaped filaments with branching
2) Culture
3) Wood’s lamp for Microsporum species
Where is tinea capitis located?
On the head
How does tinea capitis present?
1) scaly, alopecic patches
2) diffuse scaling with round ares of alopecia
3) gray patches with round areas of scaly plaque
4) tender, pustular nodules
Where is tinea corporis located?
On the body
Tinea corporis is also called what?
Ringworm
How does tinea corporis present?
Ring-shaped lesions with well-demarcated margins, central clearing and a scaly border
What is the causitive agent for tinea capitis?
T. tonsurans and M. canis
What is the causitive agent for tinea corporis?
M. canis and T. rubrum
Where is tinea cruris located?
The groin and inguinal folds
Tinea cruris is also called what?
Jock itch
How does tinea cruris present?
Large, erythematous well- demarcated macular lesions with a clearing center and peripheral spread
What is a common symptom of tinea cruris?
Pruritus or a burning sensation
What is the causitive agent for tinea cruris?
T. rubrum or E. floccosum
Where is tinea pedis located?
On the feet
Tinea pedis is also called what?
Athlete’s foot
How does tinea pedis present?
1) Interdigital with scaling and macerations
2) Plantar with diffuse scaling
3) Acute vesicular with bullae on soles, great toe, instep
What is the causitive agent for tinea pedis?
T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes
Where is tinea manus located?
On the hand
Tinea manus is always associated with what?
Tinea pedis (usually unilateral)
How does tinea manus present?
Diffuse scaling of the palms and grouped vesicles
Where is tinea unguium located?
On the fingernails and toenails
Tinea unguium is also called what?
Onychomycosis
How does tinea unguium present?
Thick, scaly toenails with subungual debris
What is the causitive agent for tinea unguium?
E. floccosum, T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Candida albicans
Topical therapy is used for most skin infections with what exceptions?
Tinea capita and tinea unguium
What is the first line therapy for tinea corporus, pedis, cruris, or manus?
Topical azole antifungals for 2-4 weeks (1 week past cure)
What is the first line therapy for tinea capitis?
Microsize giseofulvin for 8 weeks with fatty food
What is the first line therapy for tinea unguium?
Itraconizole with food for 3-4 months (7 days of each month)
Where is tinea versicolor located?
On the trunk, upper arms and neck
Tinea versicolor is also called what?
Pityriasis versicolor
How does tines versicolor present?
As well-defined round or oval macules with an overlay of scales
What is the first-line therapy for tinea versicolor?
Selenium sulfide solution 1% or 2.5% applied once daily for 15 minutes and then washed off
What is the causative agent for tinea versicolor?
Pityrosporum ovale
Where does candidiasis appear?
The skin and mucous membranes (diaper area, oral cavity, intertriginous areas, nails, vagina, and male genitalia)
What is the causitive agent of candidiasis?
Candidia albicans
How does candidiasis present?
This differs by the area:
Intertrigo as red, moist papules or pustules
Diaper as erythema and edema, papular lesions, oozing
Interdigital as maceration
Male genitalia as balantitis pustules on glans
Paronchya as red, swollen and separation
Follicular as pustules
Oral as white plaque
What is the first-line treatment for candidiasis?
Cool soaks with burrow’s solution 2-3 times daily or oral nystatin for 10-14 days
