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A—REVIEW QUESTIONS > HTMLE > Flashcards

HTMLE Flashcards

1
Q

Neutral formalin may be prepared from 40% formaldehyde by adding:

10 mL 40% formaldehyde to 100 mL water
10 mL 40% formaldehyde to 30 mL water
1 part 40% formaldehyde to 39 parts water
1 part 40% formaldehyde to 9 parts water

A

1 part 40% formaldehyde to 9 parts water

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2
Q

Tissue is soft when block is trimmed:

Incomplete fixation
Incomplete dehydration
Incomplete clearing
Incomplete impregnation

A

Incomplete fixation

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3
Q

Xylene turns milky as soon as tissue is placed in it:

Incomplete fixation
Incomplete dehydration
Incomplete clearing
Incomplete impregnation

A

Incomplete dehydration

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4
Q

Tissue is opaque, section cutting is difficult due to the presence of alcohol.

Incomplete fixation
Incomplete dehydration
Insufficient clearing
Incomplete impregnation

A

Insufficient clearing

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5
Q

Air holes found during trimming:

Incomplete fixation
Incomplete dehydration
Insufficient clearing
Incomplete impregnation

A

Incomplete impregnation

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6
Q

An 87-year-old male develops worsening heart failure. Workup reveals decreased left ventricular filling due to decreased compliance of the left ventricle. Two months later the patient dies, and postmortem sections reveal deposits of eosinophilic, CONGO RED-POSITIVE material in the interstitium of his heart. When viewed under polarized light, this material displays an apple-green birefringence. What is the correct diagnosis?

Amyloidosis
Glycogenosis
Hemochromatosis
Sarcoidosis
Senile atrophy

A

Amyloidosis

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7
Q

The most common and fastest decalcifying agent used as simple solution or combines with other reagents.

Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Formic acid
Sulfurous acid

A

Nitric acid

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8
Q

Composition of von Ebner’s fluid:

Nitric acid, chromic acid, absolute ethyl alcohol
Sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid, water
Trichloroacetic acid, formol saline
Chromic acid, osmium tetoxide, acetic acid

A

Sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid, water

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9
Q

Most ideal and most reliable method of determining extent of decalcification:

Physical test
Chemical test
X-ray or radiological test
All of these

A

X-ray or radiological test

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10
Q

Which of the following is a dehydrating agent?

Formalin
Xylene
Benzene
Alcohol

A

Alcohol

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11
Q

Dioxane is a reagent that can be used:

For both fixing and dehydrating tissues
For both dehydrating and clearing tissues
In very small volume ratios
For long periods without changing

A

For both dehydrating and clearing tissues

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12
Q

All of the following are CLEARING AGENTS, EXCEPT:

Chloroform
Dioxane
Ethanol
Xylene

A

Ethanol

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13
Q

It is the most rapid clearing agent, suitable for urgent biopsies and clears within 15 to 30 minutes.

Xylene
Toluene
Benzene
Chloroform

A

Xylene

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14
Q

Excessive exposure to this clearing agent may be extremely toxic to man and may become carcinogenic or it may damage the bone marrow resulting to APLASTIC ANEMIA:

Xylene
Toluene
Benzene
Chloroform

A

Benzene

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15
Q

It is especially recommended for cutting extremely hard and rough tissue blocks.

Rocking microtome
Rotary microtome
Sliding microtome
Freezing microtome

A

Sliding microtome

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15
Q

Celloidin embedded tissues are usually cut by means of:

Rocking microtome
Rotary microtome
Sliding microtome
Freezing microtome

A

Sliding microtome

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16
Q

This type of hone usually gives the best result. It is used for manual sharpening when cutting edge has been rendered blunt or nicked.

Fine carborundum
Arkansas
Belgium yellow

A

Belgium yellow

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17
Q

The knife is first fitted with the appropriate knife back, then laid obliquely on the strop and with the cutting edge behind (edge last) is pushed backward and drawn forward in a toe to heel direction.

Honing
Stropping

A

Stropping

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18
Q

During microtomy, it is noted that most of the tissue is very hard and shrunken. One of the first things to check to prevent its happening in the future is the:

Presence of water in the clearing agent
pH of the fixative
Temperature of the infiltrating paraffin
Freshness of the reagents on the processor

A

Temperature of the infiltrating paraffin

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19
Q

When the magnification can be changed without the need to refocus, the microscope objectives are said to be:

Parfocal
Binocular
Achromatic
Apochromatic

A

Parfocal

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20
Q

A semi-synthetic wax used for embedding the eyes:

Embeddol
Bioloid
Tissue mat
Ester wax

A

Bioloid

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21
Q

It has a lower melting point of 46 to 48C, but it is harder than paraffin.

Embeddol
Bioloid
Tissue mat
Ester wax

A

Ester wax

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22
Q

It is a product of paraffin, containing rubber, with the same property as paraplast.

Embeddol
Bioloid
Tissue mat
Ester wax

A

Tissue mat

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22
Q

The DRY celloidin embedding method is employed chiefly for the:

Bones and teeth
Large brain blocks
Whole organs
Eyes

A

Eyes

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23
Q

“Dip and dunk” machines where specimens are transferred from container to container to be processed:

Tissue transfer
Fluid transfer
Heat transfer
Linear transport

A

Tissue transfer

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24
Q

Tissues are subjected to a series of different reagents in an ENCLOSED PROCESSOR by:

Tissue transfer
Fluid transfer
Heat transfer
Linear transport

A

Fluid transfer

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24
Q

“Tissue processing” describes the steps required to take animal or human tissue from fixation to the state where it is completely infiltrated with a suitable ______ paraffin wax and can be embedded ready for section cutting on the microtome.

Commercial wax
Analytical wax
Technical wax
Histological wax

A

Histological wax

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25
Q

Harris hematoxylin is used on tissue sections to stain:

Fat
Glycogen
Nuclei
Cytoplasm

A

Nuclei

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26
Q

Using the regressive staining method, one deliberately overstains the nucleus with:

Acidified hematoxylin
Non-acidified hematoxylin
Acidified eosin
Non-acidified eosin

A

Non-acidified hematoxylin

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27
Q

The action of the dye is intensified by adding another agent or mordant:

Direct staining
Indirect staining
Progressive staining
Regressive staining

A

Indirect staining

28
Q

Mordants are used to:

Change the refractive index of the tissue
Link tissue constituents more closely to the dye
Help differentiate stains
Oxidize staining solutions

A

Link tissue constituents more closely to the dye

29
Q

It involves a differentiation or decolorization step:

Direct staining
Indirect staining
Progressive staining
Regressive staining

A

Regressive staining

30
Q

Acetic acid is added to Harris hematoxylin to:

Keep heterochromatin from staining
Make nuclear staining more specific
Ripen the hematoxylin
Form a dye lake

A

Make nuclear staining more specific

31
Q

Possible correction when hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue section shows UNEVEN NUCLEAR STAINING and “BLUE BLOBS” lacking distinct chromatin patterns:

Restain with H & E stain
Change paraffin and reprocess tissue
Change reagents and reprocess tissue
No correction

A

Change reagents and reprocess tissue

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue section shows uneven nuclear staining and “blue blobs” lacking distinct chromatin patterns

POSSIBLE CAUSE: If tissue was fixed properly, then sample was improperly dehydrated and infiltrated with paraffin

CORRECTION: Change reagents and reprocess tissue on proper processing protocol

32
Q

Vital dye especially recommended for mitochondria:

Nile blue
Neutral red
Janus green
Toluidine blue

A

Janus green

33
Q

Oldest stain:

Hematoxylin
Orcein
Carmine
Iodine

A

Iodine

34
Q

It is the most common method used for the demonstration of basement membrane, particularly the glomerular basement membrane of the kidney, due to their CHO content.

Gomori’s stain
Mallory’s PTAH
Periodic acid Schiff
Congo red

A

Periodic acid Schiff

35
Q

A commonly used connective tissue procedure that stains collagen blue:

Masson trichrome
van Gieson
Best carmine
Aldehyde fuchsin

A

Masson trichrome

36
Q

The phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) is useful for demonstrating:

Edema fluid
Muscle striations
Ground substance
Reticulin network

A

Muscle striations

37
Q

DNA can be demonstrated with:

Eosin
Pyronin
Feulgen reaction
Fast green

A

Feulgen reaction

38
Q

Toluidine blue is used to demonstrate which of the following cells?

Plasma cells
Mast cells
Fibroblasts
Macrophages

A

Mast cells

39
Q

Most sensitive lipid stain known:

Sudan Black B
Sudan III
Sudan IV
Oil red O

A

Sudan Black B

40
Q

A copper phthalocyanine dye that is used for MYELIN STAINING of paraffin processed tissue:

Perl’s Prussian blue
Luxol fast blue
Gmelin technique
Sodium alizarin red S

A

Luxol fast blue

41
Q

Astrocytes are demonstrated by which of the following procedures?

Luxol fast blue
Cresyl violet
Weil’s
Cajal’s

A

Cajal’s

Cajal’s gold sublimate method for astrocytes
Mod. Holzer’s method for astrocytic process

42
Q

A stain that may be used to demonstrate calcium is the:

Fontana silver nitrate
Congo red
von Kossa silver nitrate
Schmorl method

A

von Kossa silver nitrate

43
Q

Rhodanine is used to demonstrate:

Ferric iron
Copper
Calcium
Urate crystals

A

Copper

44
Q

The recommended stain for all parasitic blood work:

Giemsa
Wright
Jenner
May-Grunwald

A

Giemsa

45
Q

Malarial parasites appear bright green and yellow under a fluorescent microscope in the Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC) method. This method uses capillary tube coated with:

Auramine-rhodamine
Methyl green- pyronine
Acridine orange
Fluoresceine isothiocyanate

A

Acridine orange

46
Q

Microscope used for the Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC) method for demonstration of malarial parasite:

Brightfield microscope
Fluorescent microscope
Polarizing microscope
Phase-contrast microscope

A

Fluorescent microscope

47
Q

When an antibody labeled with a chromogen is reacted with tissue from a patient, the immunohistochemical technique is called:

Direct
Indirect
Avidin-biotin-complex
Soluble enzyme immune complex

A

Direct

48
Q

This system is designed to:
(1) Provide routine and consistent checks to ensure data integrity, correctness, and completeness;
(2) Identify and address errors and omissions;
(3) Document and archive inventory material and record all these activities.

Quality assurance
Quality control
Continuous quality improvement
Total quality management

A

Quality control

49
Q

The traditional model for infectious disease. It consists of an external AGENT, a susceptible HOST, and an ENVIRONMENT that brings the host and agent together.

Chain of infection
Chain of custody
Epidemiological triad
Universal health

A

Epidemiological triad

50
Q

What is the national reference laboratory designed for infectious diseases, except for STIs?

a. RITM
b. NKTI
c. EAMC
d. SLH

A

a. RITM

51
Q

First Laboratory in the Philippines:

a. Manila Sanitarium Hospital
b. Philippine Union College
c. Manila Public Health Laboratory

A

c. Manila Public Health Laboratory

52
Q

First Graduate of Medtech:

a. Willa Hedrick
b. Elvin Hedrick
c. Jesse Umali

A

c. Jesse Umali

53
Q

First School of Medtech:

a. Manila Sanitarium Hospital
b. Philippine Union College
c. Manila Public Health Laboratory
d. Adventist University of the Philippines

A

a. Manila Sanitarium Hospital

Absorbed by:
Philippine Union College
also known as:
Adventist University of the Philippines

54
Q

RA 5527
Section 2: Work of Medtech

A

Under the supervision of a PATHOLOGIST or LICENSED PHYSICIAN

55
Q

RA 5527
Section 8: Qualifications of an Examiner

A

Board of Medical Technology

  1. Filipino citizen
  2. Good moral character
  3. Qualified Pathologist, or duly registered MT
  4. In practice for at least 10 YEARS prior to appointment
  5. Not a member of school faculty for at least 2 YEARS prior to appointment
56
Q

RA 5527
Section 14: Inhibition Against the Practice of Medical Technology

A

You should have a Certificate of Registration (COR)

When? Once you pass the board exam

If without,
1. Duly registered physicians
2. Medtech from other countries for consultation, visit, or exchange professors
3. Medtech in US Armed Forces stationed in PH

57
Q

RA 5527
Section 16: Qualification for Examination

A
  1. Good health and good moral character
  2. Completed 4-yr course
  3. Graduated from another profession but working MT for 5yrs prior to the exam
58
Q

RA 5527
Section 19: Rating in the Examination

A
  1. Gen ave: at least 75%
  2. No below 50% on major subjs
    (CC, MicroPara, Hema, ISBB)
  3. Not failed in or at least 60% of the subjs computed according to their relative weights
59
Q

1 RMT can handle how many MLT?

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

A

a. 2

60
Q

Who is eligible to receive a COR?

a. convicted by court
b. guilty of immoral conduct
c. unsound mind
d. Medtech with SLE

A

d. Medtech with SLE

RA 5527
Section 23: Refusal to issue COR

61
Q

What is the first document to be submitted to the DOH if you want to establish a Clinical Laboratory?

A

PTC: Permit to Construct a Clinical Laboratory

62
Q

What is the best way to clean up blood that has dripped on the arm of a phlebotomy chair?

a. Absorb it with a gauze pad and clean the area with disinfectant
b. Rub it with a damp cloth and wash the area with soap and water
c. Wipe it with an alcohol pad using an outward circular motion
d. Wait for it to dry and then scrape it into a biohazard container

A

a. Absorb it with a gauze pad and clean the area with disinfectant

63
Q

The results for frozen section should be released within:
a. 3 days
b. 1 week
c. 24 hours
d. 5-15 minutes

A

d. 5-15 minutes

64
Q

The presence of koilocytes indicates an infection with:
a. HPV
b. HSV
c. HIV
d. CMV

A

a. HPV

65
Q

Work practice controls, except:

a. Handwashing after each patient contact
b. No eating, drinking, or smoking in the laboratory
c. Splash guards
d. Warning signage

A

c. Splash guards

66
Q

In the hierarchy of controls, which of the following is most effective in reducing hazards?

a. PPE
b. Administrative controls
c. Engineering controls
d. Elimination

A

d. Elimination

67
Q

In the hierarchy of controls, arrange the following from the least effective to the most effective

a. PPE, engineering controls, administrative controls, substitution, elimination
b. PPE, administrative controls, engineering controls, substitution, elimination
c. Administrative controls, engineering controls, PPE, elimination, substitution
d. Administrative controls, engineering controls, elimination, substitution, PPE

A

b. PPE, administrative controls, engineering controls, substitution, elimination

68
Q

Project team members:

a. Black belts
b. Green belts
c. Blue belts
d. White belts

A

b. Green belts

Green belts contribute 20% of their time to improvement projects whole delivering their normal job functions

69
Q

Black belts dedicate ____ of their time to quality improvement projects, proactively addressing process and quality problems

a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 70%
d. 100%

A

d. 100%

Black belts dedicate 100% of their time to quality improvement projects, proactively addressing process and quality problems
Project coaches/leaders

70
Q

Green belts contribute ____ of their time to improvement projects while delivering their normal job functions

a. 20%
b. 40%
c. 60%
d. 100%

A

a. 20%

Green belts contribute 20% of their time to improvement projects while delivering their normal job functions
Project team members

A—REVIEW QUESTIONS (7 decks)

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