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A—REVIEW QUESTIONS > Clinical Chemistry > Flashcards

Clinical Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Formation of glucose-6-phosphate from noncarbohydrate sources:

a. Glycolysis
b. Glycogenesis
c. Gluconeogenesis
d. Lipogenesis

A

c. Gluconeogenesis

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2
Q

A fasting blood sugar result of equal or greater than ____ is diagnostic for diabetes mellitus.

a. 90 mg/dL
b. 126 mg/dL
c. 110 mg/dL
d. None of the above

A

b. 126 mg/dL

Normal (<100, </= 99mg/dL)
Impaired (100 - 125mg/dL)

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3
Q

Type 1 Diabetes mellitus:
(I) Detectable C-peptide level
(II) Undetectable C-peptide level
(III) Most common in childhood/teens
(IV) Most common in advancing age

a. I and III
b. I and IV
c. II and III
d. II and IV

A

c. II and III

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4
Q

Exogenous triglycerides are transported in the plasma in which of the following forms?

a. VLDL
b. Chylomicrons
c. LDL
d. HDL

A

b. Chylomicrons

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5
Q

Which of the following would be most adversely affected by a nonfasting sample?

a. HDL
b. LDL
c. Cholesterol
d. Triglycerides

A

d. Triglycerides

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6
Q

Which of the following is the reference method for cholesterol?

a. Van Handel and Zilversmith method
b. Ultracentrifugation
c. Abell and Kendal method
d. GC-MS

A

d. GC-MS

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7
Q

What protein fraction migrates the farthest towards the anode?

a. Albumin
b. Alpha globulins
c. Beta globulins
d. Gamma globulins

A

a. Albumin

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8
Q

In the past few years, this protein has become a popular marker for congestive heart failure (CHF):

a. CTX
b. BTP
c. BNP
d. Troponins

A

c. BNP

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8
Q

What is the major excretory product of protein metabolism?

a. Urea
b. Creatinine
c. Ammonia
d. Uric acid

A

a. Urea

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9
Q

End color of phosphotungstic acid (Caraway method) for uric acid?

a. Red
b. Orange
c. Blue
d. Yellow

A

c. Blue

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10
Q

When measuring ammonia blood levels, which of the following might cause a false increase in this analyte?

a. The patient has two cigarettes 15 minutes prior to blood draw
b. The patient was fasting for hours prior to blood collection
c. Immediately after phlebotomy, the blood sample was maintained on ice
d. The patient has a steak dinner the night before the blood draw

A

a. The patient has two cigarettes 15 minutes prior to blood draw

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11
Q

Measurements of bilirubin in chemistry analyzers are based on:

a. Nephelometry
b. Turbidimetry
c. Photometry
d. None of the above

A

c. Photometry

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12
Q

Oxidoreductase:

a. G6PD
b. CK
c. ACP
d. Aldolase

A

a. G6PD

Transferase = CK
Hydrolase = ACP
Lyase = Aldolase

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13
Q

Normal blood pH:

a. 7.25 to 7.35
b. 7.35 to 7.45
c. 7.45 to 7.55
d. 7.55 to 7.65

A

b. 7.35 to 7.45

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14
Q

A farmer that is working in the field accidentally had a pesticide poisoning. Cholinesterase activity is tested, which of the following is the expected result?

a. Increased
b. Decreased
c. Variable result
d. Norma

A

b. Decreased

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15
Q

Electrolytes for coagulation:

a. Sodium and Potassium
b. Calcium and Magnesium
c. Calcium and Zinc
d. Chloride and bicarbonate

A

b. Calcium and Magnesium

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16
Q

Highest value (>10x) of GGT may be found in ______ due to primary biliary cirrhosis or sclerosing cholangitis.

a. Acute hepatitis
b. Chronic hepatitis
c. Alcoholism
d. Chronic cholestasis

A

d. Chronic cholestasis

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17
Q

The primary extracellular cation is:

a. Calcium
b. Chloride
c. Potassium
d. Sodium

A

d. Sodium

Na = EXCAT

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18
Q

Conjugated bilirubin:
(1) Cannot appear in urine
(2) Can appear in urine
(3) Direct bilirubin
(4) Indirect bilirubin

a. 1 and 3
b. 1 and 4
c. 2 and 3
d. 2 and 4

A

c. 2 and 3

B1 = unconjugated; water insoluble; indirect

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19
Q

What is both an enzyme and a hormone?

a. Acetylcholinesterase
b. Renin
c. Cortisol
d. None of the above

A

b. Renin

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20
Q

Used to compute for the anion gap:
(I) Sodium
(II) Chloride
(III) Bicarbonate
(IV) Potassium

a. I and II
b. I and IV
c. I, II, and III
d. I, II, III, and IV

A

d. I, II, III, and IV

(Na) - (HCO3 + Cl)
(Na - K) - (HCO3 + Cl)

21
Q

Steroid hormones:
(I) Progesterone
(II) Testosterone
(III) Adrenaline
(IV) Aldosterone

a. I, II, and IV
b. II, III, and IV
c. I, III and IV
d. I, II, III, and IV

A

a. I, II, and IV

Steroid = STE; EST

22
Q

Plasma cortisol determinations were collected at 7 AM, after waking the patient, and at 10 PM that evening. The cortisol level of the morning sample was higher than the evening sample. This is consistent with:

A. A normal finding
b. Cushing syndrome
c. Addison disease
d. Hypopituitarism

A

A. A normal finding

Both HIGH: Cushing syndrome
Both LOW: Addison disease; Hypopituitarism

23
Q

Effects includes thickening of the cervical mucus, reduction of uterine contractions, and thermogenic effect, in which basal body temperature rises after ovulation.

a. Estrogen
b. Progesterone
c. Testosterone
d. None of the above

A

b. Progesterone

24
Q

Which of the following produces hormones?
(I) Anterior Pituitary gland
(II) Posterior pituitary gland
(III) Thyroid gland
(IV) Parathyroid gland

a. I and II
b. I, II, and III
c. I, III, and IV
d. I, II, III, and IV

A

c. I, III, and IV

25
Q

Which of the following is secreted by the placenta and used for the early detection of pregnancy?

a. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
b. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
c. Luteinizing hormone
d. Progesterone

A

b. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

26
Q

The center of thyroid hormone production:

a. Follicle
b. Parafollicle
c. Anterior pituitary gland
d. Posterior pituitary gland

A

a. Follicle

Produces: T3 and T4

27
Q

Hormones for calcium homeostasis, except:

a. Calcitonin
b. Parathyroid hormone
c. Vitamin D
d. Vitamin E

A

d. Vitamin E (no effect)

Hypocalcemic: Calcitonin
Hypercalcemic: PTH, Vitamin D

28
Q

In a patient with suspected primary hyperthyroidism associated with Graves’ disease, one would expect the following laboratory serum results: T4 by radioimmunoassay __________, T3 resin uptake ____________ and thyroid stimulating hormone __________.

a. Increased, decreased, decreased
b. Decreased, increased, normal
c. Increased, decreased, increased
d. Increased, increased, decreased

A

d. Increased, increased, decreased

29
Q

In patients with developing subclinical hypothyroidism, TSH levels will likely be ___, and fT4 will likely be ____.

a. Decreased, increased
b. Increased, decreased
c. Decreased, normal
d. Increased, normal

A

d. Increased, normal

30
Q

Immunosuppressive drugs:
1. Cyclosporine
2. Tacrolimus
3. Rapamycin
4. Carbamazepine

a. 1 and 2
b. 3 and 4
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

A

c. 1, 2 and 3

Carbamazepine: Anti-convulsant

31
Q

How is ethanol formed?

a. Fermentation of sugars
b. Oxidation of fats
c. Breakdown of purines
d. None of the above

A

a. Fermentation of sugars

32
Q

The purest type of reagent water is:

a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. Type IV

33
Q

Autoclave wash water:

a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. Type IV

A

c. Type III

34
Q

What is the S.I. unit for length?
a. Millimeter
b. Centimeter
c. Meter
d. Kilometer

35
Q

20 degree C = ____ degree F:

a. 25
b. 53
c. 68
d. 86

A

c. 68

F = C x 18 + 32

36
Q

Which of the following would not be a typical methodology for a clinical chemistry test?

a. Immunoturbidimetry
b. Microscopy
c. EMIT
d. ISE

A

b. Microscopy

37
Q

What is the proper angle of needle insertion for phlebotomy?

a. 5 degrees
b. 15 to 30 degrees
c. 35 degrees
d. 45 degrees

A

b. 15 to 30 degrees

38
Q

Select the needle most commonly used in standard venipuncture in an adult:

a. One inch, 18 gauge
b. One inch, 21 gauge
c. One-half inch, 23 gauge
d. One-half inch, 25 gauge

A

b. One inch, 21 gauge

21 na ang adult

39
Q

Which of the following is the finger of choice for skin puncture?

a. Middle and ring finger
b. Middle and index finger
c. Ring and index finger
d. None of the above

A

a. Middle and ring finger

40
Q

Current NCEP guidelines recommend that patients be seated for how many minutes before sampling for cholesterol to prevent hemoconcentration?

a. 5 minutes
b. 10 minutes
c. 15 minutes
d. 20 minutes

A

a. 5 minutes

Analytes increased when standing:
1. Cholesterol
2. Albumin
3. Calcium
4. Aldosterone

41
Q

Environmental factors affecting evacuated tubes include:
(I) Ambient temperature
(II) Altitude
(III) Humidity
(IV) Sunlight

a. 1 and 3
b. 2 and 4
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. 1, 2, 3 and 4

A

d. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ambient Temp: Inverse - Draw volume

Altitude: Direct - Draw volume

light sensitive anticoag: CTAD
light sensitive analyte: BILIRUBIN

42
Q

A Gaussian distribution is usually:

a. Bell-shaped
b. Rectangular
c. Bimodal
d. Skewed

A

a. Bell-shaped

44
Q

Factor to convert immunoglobulin value from mg/dL to g/L:

a. 0.01
b. 0.02586
c. 0.05551
d. 10

45
Q

Factor to convert immunoglobulin value from mg/dL to g/L:

a. 0.01
b. 0.02586
c. 0.05551
d. 10

46
Q

MINIMUM precentrifugation time for specimens drawn in serum separator tubes is:

a. 10 minutes
b. 15 minutes
c. 20 minutes
d. 30 minutes

A

d. 30 minutes

47
Q

According to CLSI, the MAXIMUM time limit for separating serum or plasma from cells is:

a. 15 minutes from the time of collection
b. 30 minutes from the time of collection
c. 1 hour from the time of collection
d. 2 hours from the time of collection

A

d. 2 hours from the time of collection

48
Q

In the tolbutamide tolerance test, blood specimens are obtained for glucose and insulin before ________ of 1 g of a water-soluble form of tolbutamide and at 2, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes afterwards.

a. Oral administration
b. Intramuscular injection
c. Intravenous injection
d. Sublingual administration

A

c. Intravenous injection

49
Q

Current NCEP guidelines recommend patients be seated for how many minutes before sampling for cholesterol to prevent hemoconcentration:

a. 5 minutes
b. 10 minutes
c. 15 minutes
d. 20 minutes

A

a. 5 minutes

50
Q

What is the best use for potentiometry?

a. Enzymes
b. Proteins
c. Electrolytes
d. Lipids

A

c. Electrolytes

A—REVIEW QUESTIONS (8 decks)

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