HS 9 M3 Flashcards
Individual psychology holds that everyone begins life with PHYSICAL DEFICIENCIES that activate feelings of inferiority—feelings that motivate a person to___________
Striving for Success or Superiority
People strive toward a final goal of either
personal superiority or the goal of success for all humankind.
THE FINAL GOAL
People strive for superiority or success as a means of COMPENSATIONfor feelings of
inferiority or weakness.
STRIVING FORCE AS COMPENSATION
Some people strive for superiority with little or no concern for others. Their goals are personal ones, and their strivings are motivated largely by exaggerated feelings of personal inferiority, or the presence of an inferiority complex.
STRIVING FOR PERSONAL SUPERIORITY
In contrast to people who strive for
personal gain are those psychologically healthy people who are motivated by social interest and the SUCCESS of all humankind.
STRIVING FOR SUCCESS
People strive for superiority or success to compensate for feelings of inferiority, but the manner in which they strive is not shaped by reality but by their ________of reality, that is, by their fictions, or expectations of the future.
Subjective Perceptions
Our most important fiction is the goal of
superiority or success, a goal we created early in life and may not clearly understand
FICTIONALISM
Because people begin life small, weak, and inferior, they develop a fiction or belief system about how to overcome these PHYSICAL deficiencies and become big, strong, and superior.
PHYSICAL INFERIORITIES
In choosing the term individual psychology, Adler wished to stress his belief that EACH PERSON IS UNIQUE AND INDIVIBLE. Thus, individual psychology insists on the fundamental UNITY of personality and the notion that inconsistent behavior does not
exist.
Unity and Self-Consistency
of Personality
The disturbance of one part of the body cannot be viewed in isolation; it affects the entire person. In fact, the deficient organ expresses the direction of the individual’s
goal, a condition known as _______.
ORGAN DIALECT
a unified personality is the
harmony between_______
conscious and unconscious actions
Is the part of the goal that is neither clearly formulated or completely understood by the individual.
Unconscious
Thoughts are those that are understood and regarded by the individual as helpful in striving for success
Conscious
Social interest is Adler’s somewhat misleading translation of his original German term,
Gemeinschaftsgefühl
Is rooted as a potentiality in everyone, but it must be developed before it can contribute to a useful STYLE OF LIFE. It originates from the mother child relationship during the early months of infancy
ORIGINS OF SOCIAL INTEREST
Social interest was Adler’s yardstick for MEAURING psychological health and is thus “the sole criterion of human values”.
IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL INTEREST
Is the term Adler used to refer to the
flavor of a person’s life.
Style of life
It includes a person’s goal, self-concept, feelings for others, and attitude toward the world. It is the product of the interaction of heredity, environment, and a person’s creative power.
Style of life
The ________displays a dominant or RULING ATTITUDE with little social awareness.
dominant type
The to _____ Adler, the MOST COMMON HUMAN TYPE expects to receive satisfaction from other people and so becomes dependent on them.
getting type
The _______ makes no attempt to face life’s problems. By avoiding difficulties, the person avoids any possibility of failure.
avoiding type
The ________, in contrast, cooperates with others and acts in accordance with their needs
socially useful type
Each person, Adler believed, is empowered with the FREEDOM TO CREATE her or his OWN STYLE OF LIFE. Ultimately, all people are responsible for who they are and how they behave.
Creative Power
Their ______places them in control
of their own lives, is responsible for their final goal, determines their method of striving for that goal, and contributes to the development of social interest
Creative Power
They must be accompanied by accentuated feelings of inferiority.
EXXAGERATED PHYSICAL DEFICIENCIES
Whether congenital or the result of
injury or disease, are not sufficient to lead to maladjustment
EXXAGERATED PHYSICAL DEFICIENCIES
These subjective feelings may be greatly encouraged by a defective body, but they are the progeny of the creative power
EXXAGERATED PHYSICAL DEFICIENCIES
A _________ lies at the heart of most neuroses. Pampered people have weak social interest but a strong desire to
perpetuate the pampered, parasitic relationship they originally had with one or both of their parents.
PAMPERED STYLE OF LIFE
Children who feel unloved and unwanted are likely to borrow heavily from these feelings in creating a
NEGLECTED STYLE OF LIFE
Adler believed that people create
PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR to protect their exaggerated sense of self-esteem against public disgrace.
Safeguarding Tendencies
Safeguards of the mind against
feelings and thoughts that are too
difficult for the conscious mind to
cope with.
Defense Mechanisms
Unhealthy individuals strive for personal superiority, whereas _____ healthy people seek success for all humanity.
Psychologically
German term, Gemeinschaftsgefühl.
A better translation might be ______
“social feeling” or “community feeling,”
Claiming that someone would like to do something that sounds good to others then follow with an excuse.
EXCUSES
Tendency to undervalue other people’s achievements and overvalue one’s own.
Depreciation
Tendency marked by self-torture and guilt.
Self- Accusation
Safeguarding through distance.
Withdrawal
Tendency to blame others for one’s failures and to seek revenge.
Accusation
Is the tendency to safeguard one’s fictional goal of superiority by psychologically reverting to a more secure period of life.
Moving Backward
People who______ simply do not move in any direction; thus, they avoid all responsibility by ensuring themselves against any threat of failure.
Stand still
Some people ______ or vacillate when faced with difficult problems. Their procrastinations eventually give them the excuse “It’s too late now.”
Hesitate
Some people build a straw house to show that they can knock it down. By overcoming the obstacle, they protect their self-esteem and their prestige
Constructing Obstacles
Adler, cultural and social practices—not anatomy—influence many men and women to overemphasize the importance of being manly, a condition he called the ______.
Masculine protest
ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY
CARL JUNG
Jung believed that each of us is motivated not only by repressed experiences but also by certain emotionally toned experiences inherited from our ancestors. These inherited images are called the _________.
Collective unconscious
Some elements of the collective unconscious become highly developed and are called _______.
Archetypes
The physical contents of the_______ are inherited and pass from one generation to the next as psychic potential
Collective unconscious
Images are those that are sensed by the ego.
CONSCIOUS
Embraces all repressed, FORGETTEN, or subliminally perceived EXPERIENCES of one particular INDIVIDUAL.
PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS
The side of personality that people show to the world.
PERSONA
Are ancient or archaic images that derive from the collective unconscious.
They are similar to complexes in that they are emotionally toned collections of associated images.
ARCHETYPES
The feminine side of personality.
ANIMA
The archetype of darkness and repression, represents those qualities we do not wish to acknowledge but attempt to hide from ourselves and others
SHADOW
The masculine side of personality.
ANIMUS
Represents two opposing forces—fertility and nourishment on the one hand and power and destruction on the other.
GREAT MOTHER
The archetype of wisdom and meaning.
WISE OLD MAN
The image people have of a conqueror who vanishes evil but who has a single fatal flaw.
HERO
Humans are motivated both by their past experiences and by their expectations of the future.
CAUSALITY AND TELEOLOGY
Are ancient or archaic images that
derive from the collective
unconscious. They are similar to
complexes in that they are
emotionally toned collections of
associated images.
Archetypes
The most comprehensive of all archetypes
SELF
Backward step is essential to a person’s forward movement toward self-realization
PROGRESSION AND REGRESSION
Jung defined an ______ as a predisposition to act or react in a characteristic direction.
Attitude
Is the turning inward of psychic energy with an orientation toward the subjective.
INTROVERSION
Both introversion and extraversion can combine with any one or more of four functions, forming eight possible orientations, or types
FUNCTIONS
Is the attitude distinguished by the turning outward of psychic energy so that a person is oriented toward the objective and away from the subjective.
EXTRAVERSION
Tells people that something exists; thinking enables them to recognize its meaning;
Sensing
Tells them its value or worth
Feeling
Allows them to know about it without knowing how they know.
Intuition
Logical intellectual activity that produces a chain of ideas is called ______
THINKING
Jung used the term _____ to describe the process of evaluating an idea or event, which can either be extraverted or introverted
FEELING
The function that receives physical stimuli and transmits them to perceptual consciousness is called ______ can either be extraverted or introverted.
SENSING
Involves perception beyond the workings of consciousness. Like sensing, it is based on the perception of absolute elementary facts, ones that provide the raw material for thinking and feeling.
Intuition
The______ is characterized by chaotic and sporadic consciousness.
Anarchic phase
The ______ of childhood is characterized by the development of the ego and
by the beginning of logical and verbal thinking.
Monarchic phase
The ego as perceiver arises during the ______of childhood when the ego is divided into the objective and subjective.
Dualistic phase
The period from puberty until middle life is called _______.
Youth
Jung believed that middle life begins at approximately age _____
35 or 40
Fear of death is often taken as normal, but Jung believed that death is the goal of life and that life can be fulfilling only when death is seen in this light
Old age
Middle life is also a period of _____
Tremendous potential
_______, also called self-realization or individuation, is the process of becoming an individual or whole person
Psychological rebirth
