HRM Week 7 Flashcards
What are colony stimulating factors?
They are glycoproteins that bind to the surfaces of haematopoietic stem cells and activate intracellular signalling to cause proliferation and differentiation of the stem cells. Different CSF give rise to different lineages of blood cells. Such as GM-CSF, M-CSF
Describe what a left shift means in terms of looking at at a blood film
Patient has immature forms of blood cells on the blood film
What are some things that cause neutropenia?
Chemotherapy, drugs, toxins, bone marrow failure, spleenomegaly, congenital, acquired, severe infection
What are some things that cause neutrophilia?
Infection, trauma, tissue destruction, corticosteroids, metabolic disorders
What are some things that cause decreased numbers of eosinophils?
Bacterial infection, acth administration
What are some things that cause eosinophilia?
Hypersensitivity reactions, parasitic infection, drug therapy, pulmonary disease, myeoloproliferative disease
What are some things that cause increased numbers of monocytes
MyoBacterial infections, myeoloproliferative disease, subacute bacterial endocarditis
What are some things that cause a decrease in numbers of monocytes
Hairy cell leukemia and corticosteroids
What are some things that cause decreased numbers of lymphocytes?
Congenital immunodeficiency, HIV/AIDS, drugs , GI diseases
What are some things that cause increased numbers of lymphocytes?
Viral infections, some fungal, parasitic infections, rare bacterial infections, drug sensitivity, immunologic disease
Describe neutropenia?
A reduction in Granulocyte numbers. Can be decreased production, increased destruction or congenital
Describe agranulocytosis?
Severe form of neutropenia. Means that there are no granulocytes in blood smear.
List some clinical features of neutropenia
Chills, fever, fatigue, ulcers
What is toxic granulation?
When neutrophils have too many granules. The are often very much darker than normal. It occurs when they are actively phagocytosing bacteria.
What do lymph node follicles look like in lymphadenitis?
Normal but more lymphocytes, clear differentiation between darker and lighter zone and a clear mantle zone. Also more tangible body macrophages eating up the dead lymphocytes.
