HR-Afghanistan (global governance strategies)

Question 1

Where is Afghanistan located?

Answer 1

located in south Asia bordered by Pakistan to the east and south and Iran to the west

Question 2

What are the issues of human rights in Afghanistan?

Answer 2

1-High number of casualties
2-High level of gender inequality
3-Restricted socio-economic development
4-Population displacement
5-Continued violation of human rights
6-Children are deprived of their basic rights
7-There is widespread food insecurity
8-Attacks on journalists and human rights defenders
9-Democracy is threatened

Question 3

What are the examples of human rights issues in Afghanistan?

Answer 3

1-By 2019 45,000 members of the Afghan security forces had been killed
2-Afghanistan ranks 153/189 countries in the UNDPs gender inequality index; this is based on high MMR (638/100,000)
3-It ranks 168/189 countries in terms of HDI
-Life expectancy (53 years)
-Mean years of schooling (3.8)
-Low per capita GDP (US$2000)
-55% of the population living below the poverty line of less than US$2 per day PPP
4-1.7m IDPs and many more have migrated abroad in response to human rights violations
5-In 2018 OHCHR revealed that 87% of women endure physical sexual or emotional violence
6-Improvent in access to healthcare and education for girls and boys but millions are still deprived in their basic human rights
9-Disruption of elections by attacks on, and closure of polling stations to deter voters

Question 4

What are the contributions and interactions at a global scale?

Answer 4

-NGOs: Afghan Aid (local)
-International organisation: UN (global)
-government: Afghan government (national)

Question 5

What are the consequences of global governance of human rights for rural communities?

Answer 5

-Protecting children from child marriage, violent corporal punishment, domestic abuse and child labour (UNICEF)
-Providing safe havens for children effected by conflict (UNICEF)
-Preventing the recruitment of children into armed groups (UNICEF)
-Improving fresh water supply and sanitation (UNICEF)
-Promoting community based schools and accelerated learning centres (UNICEF)
-Sustaining rural development projects by improving local democracy (UNDP)
-There are legitimate, accountable, local governing bodies developing service requirements, such as education and water, which best suit their community (UNDP)
-The USAID agricultural programme is helping to improve food security, increased agricultural productivity, rural employment and family incomes
-The UN World Food Programme is providing nutritious food and support for small holder farms

Question 6

What are the consequences of global governance of human rights for urban neighbourhoods?

Answer 6

-UN Habitat is working to coordinate the Afghan government, local governments, community councils and funding from the Japanese government to upgrade neighbourhoods in the 33 provincial capitals and Kabul
-Denial of basic human rights plus rapid urban growth in Kabul has deprived local communities of many services
-In most CDC area plans include upgrading of housing, infrastructure, electricity, sanitation, schools and health care
-The CDCs are locally elected, including 50% female membership, and plans are submitted which reflect specific needs of the area
-Other benefits are improved engagement of women in the projects, employment opportunities, security of land tenure for informal settlements, improved roads and drainage and greater provision of shops