HPV vaccines 1

Question 1

what is the job of a vaccine

Answer 1

provide as close a mimic to viral epitopes

Question 2

what are 2 PV vaccines

Answer 2

OPV-mutant virus
IPV-inactivated virus
produced from live virus

Question 3

can HPV replicate cells in suspension

Answer 3

no

Question 4

what structure are viral capsid based off

Answer 4

simple icosahedra

Question 5

what is cervarix

Answer 5

L1 VLP
produced in insect cells
recombinant baculovirus
truncated L1
propriety adjuvant ASO4
alum+ TLR4 ligand
MPL
protein 16/18

Question 6

what is gardasil

Answer 6

in yeast
alum based adjuvant
VLP disassembled and assembled
16/18/6/11

Question 7

what was the vaccination programme like in uk

Answer 7

sep 2008 girls 12-13 cervarix
3 yr catch up girls age 14-17
3 injections 6-12 months
sep 2014 - two doses sufficient

Question 8

what is cytology

Answer 8

pap smear
detects abnormal koilocytes

Question 9

what is serology

Answer 9

detect at DNA sequence level

Question 10

name 3 other ways we can detect and diagnose HPV

Answer 10

in situ hybridisation
immunocytochemistry
HPV testing

Question 11

what is conisation

Answer 11

excision of cone shaped wedge from cervix
includes trnasformation zone and part of endocervical canal

Question 12

what is imiquimod

Answer 12

anti cancer and anti viral agent
analogue of guanosine
activate TLR7/TLR8
inflammatory response in dendritic cells
used for basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinomas

Question 13

what is novavax

Answer 13

vaccine made in insect cells
made from naonoparticles

Question 14

which 2 viruses have successfully been eradicated

Answer 14

smallpox
rhinderpest

Question 15

first generation vaccines

Answer 15

gardasil
cervavix

Question 16

what does gardasil 9 do

Answer 16

agianst types HPV 16/18/31/33/35/39/45/52/58 cervical cancers

Question 17

which types was epitope swapping carried out with

Answer 17

HPV 33/58/52

Question 18

name some more accessible and cheaper vaccines methods

Answer 18

made in E.coli
sub unit vaccine use isolated pentamers
deliver with current vaccine
novel delivers strategy microneedles

Question 19

what is the aim of therapeutic vaccines

Answer 19

illicit immune response in already infected person

Question 20

what are aptamers

Answer 20

oligonucleotides
form complex structure
bind with high affinity
re foldable
modulate protein-protein interactions

Question 21

how are RNA aptamers produced

Answer 21

SELEX in vitro selection

Question 22

name 2 E7 aptamers and there effect on the cell

Answer 22

SiHa
from human cervical carcinoma
HPV16 genome within
expresses E6 and 7 oncoproteins

HaCaT
control cells
immortalised human keratinocytes
no virus genome within

Question 23

what was found through FACS analysis

Answer 23

aptamers can induce apoptosis

Question 24

what aptamers is approved for clinical use

Answer 24

macugen

Question 25

what other viral proteins could be used as targets

Answer 25

E1 helicase inhibitor
inhibitor of interaction between E2 and host proteins

Question 26

what is microwave therapy used for

Answer 26

podiatry and dermatology