HPSM :Ottawa Charter Strategies And Actions- Flashcards
What does the Ottawa Charter
When was it adopted? What year?
It defines health promotion as what?
THE OTTAWA CHARTER
The Ottawa Charter depicts the main concepts and principles of health.
•It was adopted at the 1st International Conference on Health Promotion in Ottawa/Canada in 1986.
•The Charter, based originally on the policy statement health for all of the World Health Organization (WHO), contained numerous developments in health policy. It built on the progress made through the Declaration on Primary Health Care at Alma Ata Conference, the World Health Organization’s Targets for Health for All document and the recent debate at the World Health Assembly on intersect oral action for health.
The Ottawa Charter defines health promotion as a process enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health (WHO 1986).
What are the major action areas in health promotion
Building health public policy
Strengthening community action
Developing personal skills
Reorienting health services
Creative supportive environments
What if developing personal skills
DEVELOPING PERSONAL SKILLS
•This major action area of health promotion supports personal and social development of individuals.
• It empowers individuals thus allowing them to exercise more control over their health and their environments and assist them in preventing or treating illnesses.
•It aims to assist individuals and communities to develop skills and abilities that will help them make positive behaviour and lifestyle changes
•For example,encouraging first aid training in schools empowers individuals to be prepared for any case that requires it.
State some personal skills to be developed and ways of developing personal skills
DEVELOPING PERSONAL SKILLS
Examples of such skills to be developed are
•communication skills
•problem solving
•goal setting
•planning
Ways of developing personal skills
•Providing information on health
•Enhancing life skills
•Knowledge coaching
State some target places of developing personal skills
What is the importance of developing personal skills
Target places for development of these skills
include:
• Schools
•Communities
•Workplaces
• Churches
•The media, example television and radio
IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPING PERSONAL SKILLS
•Helps individual to be more self reliant.
•Improves the overall health of an individual holistically
•It creates awareness on certain diseases
•It helps decreases overall morbidity and mortality rates
•It prevents spread of diseases
What are the three major theories in health promotion
What is health promotion
WHO’s first international conference on Health Promotion was in Ottawa (Canada) in 1986
●The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was developed to provide a framework for developing health promotion programs
True or false
Enable
Mediate
Advocate
Advocacy for health
2-Enabling all people: Giving knowledge, information and skills. Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health.
3-Mediating between different interests in society in the pursuit of health.
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health
What is mediation?
Why may conflicts arise ?
How do they arise?
Which people need to mediate the conflicts?
In health promotion, mediation is the process through which the different interests (personal, social, economic) of individuals and communities, and different sectors (public and private) are reconciled in ways that promote and protect health.
Producing change in people’s lifestyles and living conditions inevitably produces conflicts between the different sectors and interests in a population.
Such conflicts may arise, for example, from concerns about access to, use, and distribution of resources, or constraints on individual or organizational practices. Reconciling such conflicts in ways that promote health may require considerable input from health promotion practitioners, including the application of mediation skills and skills in relation to advocacy for health. Professionals, social groups and health personnel have a major responsibility to mediate between differing interests in society for the pursuit of health.
The health promotion movement
By the mid-1980s:
it became wider acknowledged that effective health
education involved making healthier choices easier:
•Proposing a wider agenda which involved modifying circumstances, environment and policy to become more “health promoting”.
•So people had opportunities to choose a healthier lifestyle.
•Recognised that people’s capacity to take action was limited by environmental / social circumstances.
The first International Conference on Health
Promotion was held in Ottawa on November 21,
1986. It was at this conference that The Ottawa
Charter for Health Promotion was adopted.
True or false
What is advocacy
Advocacy
-Is combination of individual and social actions designed to gain political commitment ,policy support, social acceptance and systems support for a particular health goal or Programme.
-Good health is a major resource for social, economic and personal development and important dimension of quality of life.
-Political, economic, social cultural, environmental, behavioral and biological factors can all favor health or be harmful to it.
-Health promotion action aims at making these conditions favorable through advocacy for health.
State four ways to advocate
Summary
-Political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioral, and biological factors can all favor or harm health. Health promotion aims to make these conditions favorable.
-Advocacy can use mass media, multi-media or community mobilization so as to create living conditions conducive to health. True or false
Advocacy
Ways To Advocate
- mass media
- multi-media
- direct political lobbying
- community mobilization
Practical Scenario
-participants give instances of advocating for change ,for instance , negotiating with village chiefs for their communities’ and patients’ welfare such as provision of food and water
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to, improve their health.
•To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, an individual or group must be able to identify and realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment.
•Health promotion is not just the responsibility of the health sector but goes beyond healthy lifestyles to wellbeing.
True or false
Health promotion action aims at reducing differences in current health status and ensuring equal opportunities and resources to enable all people to achieve their fullest health potential.
•The fundamental conditions and resources needed for good health are;
➢Peace
➢Shelter
➢Education
➢Food
➢Income
➢A stable eco-system
•The words ‘enable’, ‘mediate’ and ‘advocate’ lie at the heart of the Ottawa Charter, describing
True or false
What does enable mean and what does it aim at
How can you make enabling possible
Why is it important
Enable from the Meriam webster dictionary ‘means to make possible or easy’.
•Health promotion focuses on achieving equity in health.
•To enable means that health promotion activities are taken into partnership with individuals so that are empowered to take actions to improve upon their health.
ENABLE AIMS AT….
1.Reducing differences in current health status
2.Ensuring equal opportunities and resources to enable to achieve their fullest potential
HOW TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE (ENABLE)
1.A secure foundation in supportive environment
2.Access to information
3.Life skills and opportunity for making healthy choices
WHY ENABLE IS IMPORTANT
•Enable counter the rich/poor barrier created in the health system throughout the years.
•Enable empowers people and communities to act on their own behalf to improve their health
What does it mean to reorient the health system
WHAT DOES RE- ORIENTING OF HEALTH SERVICE MEANS
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO
REORIENT THE HEALTH SYSTEM
Basically, about the health sector changing from focusing primarily on clinical and curative services to increasingly focus on health promotion and prevention. That is expanding the role in the promotion of preventative health.
WHAT DOES RE- ORIENTING OF HEALTH SERVICE MEANS
•The purposes of re-orienting health services as proposed by the Ottawa Charter were to achieve a better balance in investment between prevention and curative shifting towards a system that focuses on health promotion rather than curative aspects
•Health services should be connected / interlinked with physical, social, political and economic environments.
How should health services be oriented?
Name three ways this can be done
Has this agenda been fulfilled?
State four challenges
•Health services should be oriented in such a way that it fulfills the need and demand of the communities for their better health, this can only be done by
•1. access to health care services; reaching the unreached!!
•2.breaching the gap, equity
•Focus on need of an individual includes need in a holistic aspect rather than limiting it to just injury and diseases.
Has the agenda been fulfilled?
•To some extent, YES!
Among these are:
•Establishment of CHPS compounds in the various communities to reach the unreached.
•NHIS – access to health care
•Preventive activities; vaccinations, adolescent health care, Maternal and child health services, screening against STIs, health educations etc.
•Formation of health reforms, NHIS, Mental health Act,
challenges
•Poor commitment by the government
•Inadequate resources to embark health promotional activities.
•Poor patronage
•Still people in in the far areas in our society
,Health promotion goes beyond health care. It puts health on the agenda of policy makers in all sectors and at all levels, directing them to be aware of the health consequences of their decisions and to accept their responsibilities for health
True or false
What is the aim of health promotion policy
Health promotion policy combines what approaches ?
Explain them
This coordinated action leads to what?
. Health promotion policy combines diverse but complementary approaches including legislation, fiscal measure, taxation and organizational change.
It is coordinated action that leads to health, income and social policies that foster greater equity. Joint action contributes to ensuring safer and healthier goods and services, healthier public services, and cleaner, more enjoyable environments.
These approaches :
Legislation
Fiscal measure- taxation
Organizational change
1.Legislation
Laws on banning smoking, wearing of seatbelts, obeying speed limits etc.
2.Fiscal measures
Taxation
• High tax on cigarettes/alcohol (sin taxes)
• Low goods and services tax (GST) on unprocessed food to increase the purchase of unprocessed foods.
- Organizational change
• Creating a working environment where employee health and safety is valued, supported and promoted through workplace health programs, policies, benefits, and environment changes.
Health promotion policy requires the identification of obstacles to the adoption of health public policies in non-health sectors, and ways of removing them. The aim must be to make the healthier choice the easier choice for policy-makers as well.
What is the aim of creating a supportive environment
What does it entail ?
Who is responsible for this?
CREATIVE SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT
●It is one of the achievements to build healthy public policy as part of the five key elements in health promotion
●Creative supportive environments entails making the environs & vicinities where people live , work and play a source of good health.
●AIM
The aim of creating supportive environments is to have care for the environments , our communities as well as our own selves.
This will make it easy assisting to the support necessary to increase the ease of health enhancing decision making.
WHAT IT ENTAILS ?
●It comprise the overall guiding principle , thus the need to encourage reciprocal maintenance through support networks & community services
Safe supportive environments(climate,structure,culture)
This is because health can not be separated from the environmental factors, protection & maintenance of both natural and built environment along with preservation of natural resources is very necessary for health promotion
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE?
●It is the collective effort of every individual to make this happen
●Since it is a global responsibility, it is important that its undertaken by all and sundry
●A collective effort of ;
●Goverment
●Communities
●Unions
●Families
In strengthening community action, Health Promotion works through concrete and effective community action in what ways ?
setting priorities,
• making decisions,
•planning strategies and
•implementing them to achieve better health.
At the heart of this process is the empowerment of communities, their ownership and control of their own endeavors and destinies.
