HPI/PE Flashcards
When pt is SOB it is important to establish…?
Present at rest
Walking on level or climbing the stairs
Necessary to stop and rest
What activities of daily life bring on dyspnea
Orthopnea
SOB increased when laying down
-how many pillows used at night?
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
Sudden loss of SOB after a period of sleep
Platypnea
SOB increased in an upright position
Kussmaul Breathing
Deep and labored breathing pattern, gasping, form of hyperventilation
Kussmaul Breathing is most commonly associated with..?
DKA- diabetic ketoacidosis
Cheyne-Stroke Respiration
Progressively deep and sometimes faster breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary state of apnea
Cheyne-Stroke Respiration is precipitated by…?
CVA, TBI, sleeping at altitude, CHF, etc.
Coarse Crackles (previously known as rhonchi)
Coarse rattling respiratory sounds
Rolling thunderstorm
Coarse Crackles is caused by…?
secretions in bronchial airways (ie. pneumonia)
Fine crackles (previously known as rales)
sofe, high-pitched, and very brief sound
opening a velcro fastener
Fine crackles indicate what?
Interstitial process- pulmonary fibrosis or CHF
Fremitus
Vibrations transmitted through the body generally referring to an assessment of lungs.
An increase in fremitus intensity indicates
Consolidation or fibrosis
A decrease in fremitus intensity indicates
Fluid or air (effusion, pneumothorax)
Tactile Fremitus
Vibrations felt on the chest wall
- pt says “99”
Vocal Fremitus
Vibrations heard with stethoscope on the chest wall with spoken words
Pleural rub
Outside lung tissue rubbing against the chest wall, heard during inspiration
Stridor
Heard when a foreign body is present
Wheezes
Whistling heard in reaactive airway disease or asthma
Anoxia
The total absence of oxygen in body tissue
-think end organ damage
Pneumothorax
Air in pleural cavity
- can cause complete or partial collapse of lung
Hemothorax
Blood in pleural cavity
-can cause complete or partial collapse of lung
Pleural Effusion
Abnormal presence of fluid in pleural cavity
Causes of pleural effusion
Trauma or spontaneous
Spontaneous is common in what age/gender/race?
25-30 yo white males who have a h/o smoking
Pink Puffer
- Break down of elastin in connective tissue in lungs
- less surface area for gas exchange d/t gradual destruction of the pulmonary capillary bed
S/S of pink puffer
Older, thin, severe dyspnea, barrel chest, pursed-lip breathing, pink skin
- Emphysema
Blue Bloater
- excessive mucus production with airway obstruction resulting from hyperplasia of mucus producing glands
- chronic inflammation around bronchi
S/S of blue bloater
Overweight, cyanotic, elevated Hbg, peripheral edema, coarse crackles, and wheezing
- Chronic bronchitis
