How Children Develop - Chapter 1-2 (week 1) Flashcards
According to the 1955 child-development study which involved every child born on the Hawaiian island of Kauai in one year, what appeared to have an especially strong influence on children’s development?
parent’s income, education, mental health, and the quality of the relationship between parents.
In the study involving a US sample were 80% of parents reported spanking their kindergarten children on occasion, and 27% reporting having done so in the past week, what were the results?
Spanking made the problem worse, particularly in instances of trying to discourage angry outbursts. The more often a child was spanked in kindergarten, the more often the same child argued, fought, and acted inappropriately at school. These results were found to be consistent across all ethnicities and across other relevant factors such as education and socioeconomic status.
According to research (Denham 1998, 2006), what are some of the more effective responses to children’s anger than spanking?
responding to anger with sympathy, which helps the child to better cope with the situation which is causing, and helping the agry child find positive altneratives to expressing their feelings.
Explain the “turtle technique”.
An effective method for helping children learn to cope with their anger. When children felt themselves becoming angry they were to move away from other childre and retreat into the turtle shell position, where they could think about the situation until they were ready to emerge from their shell.
What were the findings of 2015 meta analysis on the relationship between violent video games and aggression in children and adolescents?
The effects of violent videos on aggression were minimal, but not nonexistant. In some instances agressive behaivour did increase by a small amount.
According to psycological resreach, what can affect the accuracy of children’s testimony’s in court?
Biased questioning, for example, one study found that children were more likely to adopt false narratives about situations if they were questioned repeatedly about an event.
Additionally, the use of realistic props, such as dolls and drawing tend to result in more inaccurate claims, perhaps by blurring lines of fantasy and reality.
According to similar studies, how accurate are the testimonies of children aged 3 to 5.
When not asked leading questions, children of this age are usually able to give an accurate testimony of events, though they tend to leave out a lot of infomation.
Explain the romanian adoption study.
A study attempting to determine the long term affect of early life neglect. Compared the development of romanian orphans from severely inadeqate orphanages adopted by british families to the development of british orphans adopted by british families. Found that Romanian orphans adopted before 6 months were able to overcome physical, intellectual and social disadvantages by age 6, but disadvantages remained for those adopted between 6 and 12 months, and were more severe in the 24-48 month groups. disadvantages continued at 11 yr retest mark, by early adulthood, intellect was in normal range, but in many instances social disadvantages were never overcome. Implying early childhood neglect may have irreversable effects.
