Housing Flashcards
Civil Rights Act (1866)
Equal rights for all to be citizens, enter contracts, own property; discrimination not allowed; Race
Tenement House (1867)
First building restrictions in New York; defined tenement and set regulations
Tenement House (1879)
Old Law’ Tenement; Required air, window per room; 2 toilets per floor; created ‘dumbell’
Tenement House Law (1901)
New Law’ Tenement; required permits, 70% lot coverage, fresh air, toilet per unit; fire safety measures; Tenement Housing Commission
U.S. Housing Corporation and Emergency Fleet Corporation established (1918)
Influenced later endeavors in public housing. Operated at major shipping centers to provide housing for World War I workers.
National Recovery Act (1933)
Federal ability to clear slums and construct low-income housing
Established Home Owners Loan Corporation (1933)
Established to save homeowners facing loss through foreclosure.
National Housing Act (Capehart) ‘Better Housing Program’ (1934)
Established FHA [regulate interest/terms]; Federal Mortgage Insurance [longer mort. Smaller down]; minimum design standards; led to discrimination ‘redlining’; created FSLIC
National Housing Act (Wagner-Steagall) (1937)
Creates US Housing Authority offers $500m in loans and subsidies to local housing agencies; slum clearance
Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (1944)
(GI Bill) Mortgage loan guarantee for vets and higher education funds for vets
Housing and Home Financing Agency (1947)
Ceated to coordinate federal government’s various housing programs (predecessor of HUD)
National Housing Act (Wagner-Ellender-Taft) (1949)
Slum clearance - ‘Urban Renewal’; emphasize new construction; replaced low density town houses with superblocks - high-rise housing projects ‘warehouses for the poor’
National Housing Act (1954)
Expands Urban Renewal Program; slum prevention - preserve downtown and focus on rehabilitation rather than clearance; Sec. 701 Comp Plan for <25k; Comp Plan for 50+k; Workable Program for Community Imrovement - annual recertification of Comp Plans to be eligible for federal funds
Housing (1959)
Sec 202 - loans to non-profits for low income elderly housing
Housing (1961)
Sec 221(d)(3) - interest subsidies for public housing projects for LMI
Civil Rights Act (1964)
No discrimination
Creation of HUD (1965)
Robert Weaver - first Secretary
Model Cities Program (1966)
quasi-political - federal funded to assess problems and solutions
Civil Rights Act (1968)
Title II to VII Indian Civil Rights; (Federal Enforcement of CRA 1866)
Fair Housing Act (Title VIII of CRA) (1968)
Prohibited discrimination concerning sale, rental and financing housing; Color, Religion, Sex, National Origin
Housing and Urban Development (1968)
6m subsidized units to be built over 10 years; Sec 235 - program to spur low-income home ownership with FHA insurance; Sec 236 - low interest mort. assistance mulit-family rental & coop housing (move away from public affordable housing)
Intergovernmental Cooperation Act (1968)
A-95 Circular required clearing house dissemination and regional review
Demolition of St. Louis’s notorious Pruitt-Igoe Project (1972)
Symbolizes a nationwide move away from massive, isolating, high-rise structures to a more humane form of public housing architecture: low-rise, less isolated, dispersed.
National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety (1974)
HUD Code required steel chassis and wheels
Housing & Community Development (1974)
Consolidated HUD funding into CDBG Program, entitlement formula, benefit LMI, 5-Year Consilidated Plans and Consolidated Annual Performand and Evaluation Report (CAPER); Established Section 8 Housing (rental assistance)
Home Mortgage Disclosure (1975)
Housting & Communtity Development (1977)
Ended 701; created Urban Development Action Grant (UDAG) funds to leverage prvide investment in distressed cities; Requires banks to report lending practices in neighborhoods
Housing & Urban-Rural Recovery (1983)
Section 8 Voucher program rather than certificates
Tax Reform (1986)
Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) ‘Section 42 Housing’, to finance affordable rental housing units for low-income, attracts equity capital into affordable housing with 9% or 4% credits, tax credits for 10 years
McKinney Homeless Assistance (1987)
Emergency aid for homeless; money for Section 8 for Single-room occupancy (SRO) for homeless; Housing assitance plans must include components for services to homeless; Emergency Shelter Grants Program; Supportive Housing Demonstration Program
Fair Housing Act (1988)
Expanded law to include people with handicap and family status in the Fair Housing Act
Americans with Disabilities (1990)
amended in 2008 for disabled workers
National Affordable Housing (Cranston-Gonzalez) (1990)
HOME Investment Partnership - housing block grants for housing repair up to city code
HOPE VI Program (1993)
Urban Revitalization Demonstration Program (replace high-rise low income with low-rise middle-income)
Housing & Economic Recovery (2008)
Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP) - stabilized communities suffering foreclosures/abandonment
American Recovery & Reinvestment (2009)
NSP2 - additional funding plus funding for technical assistance to support NSP
Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection (2010)
NSP3 - additional funding
