Hot - 6 marker Qs

Question 1

suggest how climate has influences characteristics of xerophytes

Answer 1

lack of moisture in ground due to high temps and low rainfall xerphyctyes have long tap roots and extensive surface roots to optimise water uptake in these condition longtap- water from deep underground surface roots- water juicily absorbed after any rainfall that does occur.
these plants are able to store water in their stem for long periods of time- the stems have ridges which allow them to expand without cracking

Question 2

outline two ways in which hot/semi- arid environments provide challenges for economic development

Answer 2

in truly ard

Question 3

outline two ways in which hot/semi- arid environments provide challenges for economic development

Answer 3

in truly arid areas cultivation relies entirely on irrigation- however thiss management of crop land through over-irrigation after causing problems because of a rising water table+water logging evaporation results in salivation which reduces crop yields and ultimately the abandonment of farmland. drought is common due to variable rainfall resulting in native people over grazing over exploiting fuel wood and water resources leading to land degradation and desertification utiliamtely leading to rise in poverty , food shortages famine and malnutrition and outmigration among indigenous people.

Question 4

what are the differences between the climatic characteristics of semi and hot arid environments?

Answer 4

HA- annual rainfall-100-250mm
SA ^ 250-500mm
SA more cloud cover warmer at night
HA wider temperature range bc no cloud cover

Question 5

outline two ways in which hot/semi arid environments can be exploited for short term gains

Answer 5

overdevelopment of tourism in hot areas due to desirable climate for visitors, and often the ORV is population in south west utah for e.g. - however this done unsustainably environment cryptobiotic crust damaged for this gain
over grazing result in soil erosion and when castle are left on the same patch of grass desertification can occur

Question 6

explain two impacts of climate on the characteristics of animals in hot/semi arid envron

Answer 6

one way is that animals (e.g scorpions) eat irregularly due to the scarcity of food. they have a low meetabolic rate- digest their food slowly and slow energy release and long periods of inactivity. so they can survive long peridos without food.
kangaroo rats can obtain water from it’s food. kidneys concentrate urine and produce dry stalls to conserve water. they’re also mostly nocturnal to increase survival from predators_ heat of day avoided.

Question 7

explain how two natural processes influence sand dune formation

Answer 7

dunes are formed depending on the direction of the inf. sand is transported by suspension, saltation or by surface creep. sand deposited as dunes by the wind when energy is lost.
initial weathering/erosion of sand particles. role of stabilisation by vegetation-lack of increases due formation.

Question 8

explain how two natural processes influence sand dune formation

Answer 8

dunes are formed depending on the direction of the inf. sand is transported by suspension, saltation or by surface creep. sand deposited as dunes by the wind when energy is lost.
initial weathering/erosion of sand particles. role of stabilisation by vegetation-lack of increases due formation.

Question 9

describe two opportunities for human activities provided by arid environment

Answer 9

playa- salt/mineral extraction
river- irrigation farming water supply/settelment
oasis-irrigation(farming)
strong wind-wind power
weather/landscape- film industry
sediment-extration for building/farming
flat plain- settlement
sunlight-solar energy
lake- water sports/tourism

Question 10

explain two ways in which these activities (human in hot env) could help economic development of the area

Answer 10

creation of employment!! increased revenues, increased spending in local economy, multiplier effect
revenues can be used in environmental schemes to attract more visitors

Question 11

outline the influence of two factors affecting weathering processes in hot/semi-arid env

Answer 11

acidic rainfall causes chemical weathering inc hydrolysis- is the breakdown of rock by acidic water to produce clay and soluble salts
temperature causes wetting and drying (rain chills the rocks) repeated expansion on wetting and contraction on drying causes the rock to disintegrate.

Question 12

outline the influence of two factors affecting weathering processes in hot/semi-arid env

Answer 12

acidic rainfall causes chemical weathering inc hydrolysis- is the breakdown of rock by acidic water to produce clay and soluble salts
temperature causes wetting and drying (rain chills the rocks) repeated expansion on wetting and contraction on drying causes the rock to disintegrate.

Question 13

explain two ways in which animals have adapted to conditions in hot env

Answer 13

concentrated urine

large ears large sa:vol ratio to lose heat from

Question 14

explain how two factors affect processes of erosion by water in hot env

Answer 14

water velocity, rainfall regime?!?!?!?!?!?!! i don't know
weakening rock by weathering
geology
vegetation 
rivers
acidity of rain fall

Question 15

suggest and explain two factors that have influenced hot climate

Answer 15

latitude- distance from the equator n and s is low for arid areas- intense and more concentrated sunlight means higher temps
rain shadow/ relief - high mountain ranges block pass of rain bearing winds which therefore increase aridity on sheltered side.

Question 16

outline two weathering processes typical of hot env

Answer 16

exfoliation is a form of mechanical weathering- the expansion and contraction causes the surface layer of rock to flake off and it is more exposed to temperature.
hydrolysis is a form of chemical weathering- the breakdown of rock by acidic water to produce clay and insoluble salts.q

Question 17

outline two weathering processes typical of hot env

Answer 17

exfoliation is a form of mechanical weathering- the expansion and contraction causes the surface layer of rock to flake off and it is more exposed to temperature.
hydrolysis is a form of chemical weathering- the breakdown of rock by acidic water to produce clay and insoluble salts.

Question 18

outline two weathering processes typical of hot env

Answer 18

exfoliation is a form of mechanical weathering- the expansion and contraction causes the surface layer of rock to flake off and it is more exposed to temperature.
hydrolysis is a form of chemical weathering- the breakdown of rock by acidic water to produce clay and insoluble salts.

Question 19

outline two challenges of the physical environment (in table)

Answer 19

only 1% of the land is arable- able to grow plough crops - and agriculture is a main economic activiity and threrefore the physical environment here is likely to be over-used i.e over razing of cattle which puts esteem pressure on the fragile land that has long recovery period.
anunnal precipatioation is very low- limiting plant and animal life ,……

Question 20

suggest how these challenges make economic development difficult

Answer 20

relying heavily on a small economic sector - agriculture of which only 1% of land is suitable for—– poor source of income
90% of the land is desert making it diffucult for economic development due to the climate ………

Question 21

explain two ways that climate influences the vegetation of hot env

Answer 21

more vegetation is semi-arid areas because there’s greater rainfall therefore moisture in the goring averrable for plants to use.
temperature at lower temperatures more plants are able to exist