Coasts- case studies Flashcards
case study for coastal defences/protection
Sea Palling, North Norfolk
briefly describe the sea palling case study
NEED FOR PROTECTION- 1953 storm= broke through sand dunes and flooded NE norfolk
less beach material to act as natural barrier against waves
HUMAN FACTORS-high value land- fens
lots of human activities/economic value
failure of previous defences
PHYSICAL FACTORS- high wave energy- strong dominant wind and long fetch
incoherant rock type e.g
weak rock struture (discordant)
strong LSD- wave orientation at an angle
sea levels rising
natural habitats
WHAT WAS DONE- sea wall infant of sand dunes, groynes at Eccles 1991 riprap
MAIN DEFENCES- hold line, 100,000 tonnes of boulders in front of seawall, offshore bars, tombola effect, replenishment 1 million cubic metres of sane
SMP- predicts no future loss= sustainable.
Case study for managed retreat
Abbots Hall Farm, Essex
briefly describe Abbots hall farm case study
managed retreat- blackwell estuary in essex parts of sea wall removed to allow salt marsh to develop on land previously used for farming
WHY? large areas of SM and mud-flats were being lost to coastal erosion. Impact on fauna and flora, SM are cost-effect as defences (i.e. in areas of lack of development)
the vegetation and natural gradient of land provided natural defence against future storms
HOW- sea wall breached in 3 places- allowing areas to be flooded and developed estuaries where vegetation is colonising the salt marshes.
case study for challenges associated with development of coastal areas
Dubai, UEA
briefly describe dubai case study
socio-econoimc needs- affordable housing, employment,reduced waste and congestion,water resources,food supply
environmental needs-flooding prevention,conservation,regeneration,sustainblemanagemnt
1997 ICZM- monitoring- coral changes of beach, cameras, scientific paper published, workshop, sediment samples grain size change, government investment.
beach tourism control- no litter, no fishing without permits
increasing biodiversity and habitat improvement- new sites for coral,reduce pollution from construction residential hotels etc
contrasting case study to dubai
North Norfolk Coastline
briefly describe north norfolk coastline case study
socio-economic needs- protect because tourism, recreation, beaches, salt marshes, sand dunes, diversifying economy away from seasonal tourism, reduce out-migration of young people and in-migration of retirees, build affordable housing, second homes issue prices increase, improve accessibility by vehicle-motor way,shipping and fishing, maintain defences
environmental needs-presence of nature reserves -holkham, blakeney point,
protect wildlife-marine biodiv- seals at scout head island
rare heaths and woodlands- salthouse heath
regenerate salt marshes being lost to golf courses
scenery conservation
geological sites-hunstanton cliffs-west button (mammoth and fossil findings)
build up fish stocks and aquatic life pops
scrubby sand dunes need protection
