Hort 215 Final Review

Question 1

What are fungi?

Answer 1

saprophytes-they break down organic matter

Question 2

What does water do for fungi?

Answer 2

It is required to germinate, infect, reproduce, and spread fungi from plant to plant.

Question 3

Fungi are responsible for (name 2)

Answer 3

powdery mildew, rusts, leaf curl or blister, leaf spots and blights, scabs

Question 4

Know 2 turf diseases

Answer 4

Fusarium Patch, Gray snow mold, leaf smut, powdery mildew, dollar spot, rusts, nematodes

Question 5

Infectious vs non-infectious diseases

Answer 5

Infectious caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, or parasitic plants
Non-infectious are caused by unfavorable growing conditions or injuries

Question 6

Bacteria grows rapidly and is spread by

Answer 6

splashing, dust, insects, mites, cultural practices–humidity also plays a role

Question 7

Name 2 bacteria diseases

Answer 7

fire blight, crown gall, wet wood, leaf spot, blights, cankers

Question 8

Soil borne bacteria can live for years before infecting a plant. What does it require?

Answer 8

Right conditions, wounds or insects before entry of the disease

Question 9

List 2 examples of soil-borne bacteria

Answer 9

crown gall, slime flux, soft rot, bacterial rot, potato bacterial ring rot

Question 10

What causes a virus transmission

Answer 10

insect or cultural practices, they do not have a cell of their own–they can only develop with a living cell for a host.

Question 11

List 2 viruses

Answer 11

mosaic virus, ring spots, mottles, witches broom, curly top virus

Question 12

List 2 parasitic plants

Answer 12

mistletoe, dodder

Question 13

what are nematodes

Answer 13

microscopic round worms, most are saprophytes–some are beneficial, they feed on wounds and reduce plant vigor and promote infection, symptoms resemble drought

Question 14

Types of metamorphosis

Answer 14

simple--egg, nymph, adult 
no change--silverfish, spring tail
gradual--cricket, cicada
Incomplete--flower bug
complete--egg, larva, pupa, adult (butterfly, flea)

Question 15

moulting

Answer 15

cuticle (inelastic skeletal support) that is shed during growth and a new covering is formed

Question 16

List 2 types of overwintering

Answer 16

microhabitats in soil, wood, galls, leaves
diapause, where development and growth are suspended but metabolism is high enough to survive
alternating thaws and freezes are more difficult to survive than stable temps

Question 17

what is binomial nomenclature

Answer 17

scientific way of naming things, gives us a common language and understanding

Question 18

three ways that insects are classified without magnification

Answer 18

mouthparts, wings, types of metamorphosis

Question 19

List anatomy with 2 body functions each

Answer 19

head, taste, feel, eat
Thorax, walk jump, fly
abdomen, breathe, digest, excrete, reproduce

Question 20

Head

Answer 20

eyes,

Question 21

antennae

Answer 21

primary non visual sensory organ, form varies widely, 1-100 segments lamellate, serrate

Question 22

eyes

Answer 22

simple lack focus, register light, arranged in clusters, spider
compound, complex, mosaic view, detects movement, responds to light, grasshopper

Question 23

list 3 types of mouth parts and examples

Answer 23

piercing-sucking
rasping-sucking, thrip
chewing lapping, bee
chewing-grasshopper
siphoning-butterfly
sponging-fly

Question 24

Thorax

Answer 24

three segments (pro, mess, meta) for walking and flying
three pairs of legs used for jumping, running, digging, grasping, swimming (know 2)
wings on 2d and 3d segments

Question 25

exoskeleton

Answer 25

provides protection and support, receptor of stimuli, and movement