Hort 102 Ch 5/6 Test Flashcards
Most of the answers came from the slides/notes. I couldn't find genetic drift in the book or my notes. Please email me if you have the answer.
T/F When an exact duplicate of a plant is desired, asexual propagation must be used.
True
T/F Weeds affect plants.
True
T/F Propagation is when plants duplicate themselves.
True
T/F Use of human hair is effective against deer.
False (they become accustomed to it)
T/F The adult stage of insects causes the most economic devastation to crops.
False (larva and nymph)
T/F Type of mouthpart is important to identify and control insects
True
T/F Ramet is when many plants are reproduced asexually from a single plant
False (group of plants is a clone, each individual plant withing the clone is a ramet p 81)
T/F An infectious agent is when a plant has the agent active on its surface
False (infestious)
T/F A current pesticide applicator’s liscence is required to purchase and use most well known and widely used pesticides
False
MC Runners
p 81 Stems that form along the ground and form new plants at one or more of their nodes
MC Meiosis
Is a sequence of cell divisions that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. Gametes are formed (sexual reproduction)
MC Mitosis
(asexual reproduction) Is normal division of a cell nucleous that occurs as a plant grows.
MC Virus
Is the smallest of the pathogens.
Can only be seen with an electron microscope.
Reproduces only withing a living host
MC Bacteria
Lacks a true nucleous–no membrane
Lacks chlorophyll
Obtains nutrients from living and nonliving sources
MC Nematode
Non segmented roundworms
Tremendous number of nonparasitic nematodes exist in soil and the environment
MC Fungi
Organisms with thread-like structures
They enter plants through natural openings or wounds or penetrate directly through intact tissues
Do not produce their own food through photosysnthesis because they contain no chlorophyll
MC Grafting
p 84 The upper part of one plant is joined to the lower part of a compatable species.
MC Layering
p 82 Roots develop on a stem that is still attached to the parent plant.
MC Infestious
When a plant has the active agent on its surface
MC Infectious
When the plant has the active agent within it
The method of propogation selected by a grower is based on
Ease of propogation Number of plants needed Rate of growth of the species characteristics desired in the new plant Desire to avoid disease in the parent plant Desire to perpetrate a mutation developing in a parent plant Cost Characteristics desired in the new plant
Four conditions for disease
Timing
Susceptable
Pathogen present
Environment favorable
Disease
Infectious organisms (pathogens) that multiply and spread to other nearby plants. Most pathogens are microscopic and include bacteria, fungi, nematodes, viruses, and parasitic plants
Three major characteristics of pathogens
Microscopic
Reproduce prolifically
Remarkable ability to survive
Three types of metamorphosis and list the life stages of each
None–goes from earlist stage to adult looking the same, except bigger in size
Complete–egg, larva, pupa, adult
Incomplete–egg, nymph, adult
Scarification with example
Breaking the seed coat to allow water uptake by the embryo (acid or scratch)
stratification with example
Exposure of seeds to low temperature (refrigerate or winter)
Which stage of an insect’s life causes the mose economic damage?
(Non-adult stages) Incomplete–nymph, Complete–larva
List six most common types of mouth parts with example
Chewing, grasshopper Chewing-lapping, bees Rasping-sucking, thrips Siphoning, butterfly Sponging, fly Piercing-sucking, aphids
Definition of a weed
A plant having no economic value
List three ways that weeds affect plants adversely
Compete for space, nutrients, water, light, heat, energy, and CO2
Shades crops
Alternate host for insects
Crowding
Contamination of soil
Produce chemicals that inhibit germination and growth
What is IPM?
Integrated Pest Management–an efficient and environmentally safe method of pest control that combines chemical and non chemical controls
List the five methods of IPM and give an example
Cultural–crop rotation
Mechanical–hand-pulling, pruning to remove damaged part of plant
Biological–using lady bugs to control aphids
Preventative–quarantines to prevent spread of pest
Chemical–pesticides
List pesticide signal word and level of toxicity
Danger-poison, High
Warning, Moderate
Caution, Low
What is a hybrid?
A plant that results from crossbreeding two different parent plants (from glossary, p 654)
What is hybrid vigor?
When inbred plant species are crossed, the F1 hybrid generation may have qualities superior to those of either parent p 89.
What is drift?
.
Know the methods of asexual propagation and examples on pp 81-83.
Runners, strawberry Stolon, dogwood Sucker shoots, black locust Bulbs, daffodils Layering, rubber plant Cuttings, chrysanthemums Grafting, roses or fruit trees Budding, roses or fruit trees Division of the crown, hosta Tissue culture, orchids Apomictic embryos, grasses or fruits
Label the parts of an insect
head mouth antennae legs wings abdomen thorax
