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bhs stage 5 > Horse's Legs. > Flashcards

Horse's Legs. Flashcards

1
Q

Windgalls primarily affect the

A

Synovial Structures around the fetlock joint.

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2
Q

Examples of structures effected by windgalls

A

Tendon Sheath, Joint Capsules, Synovial Membrane

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3
Q

Front Pastern Angle

A

45 Degres

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4
Q

Hind Pastern Angle

A

55 degrees

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5
Q

Broken Back

A

Toe too long and slopes more than the pastern.

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6
Q

Broken Forward

A

Toe Short and Heel High

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7
Q

Plantar Tarscal Ligament =

A

Curbs

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8
Q

Overstraight Hind Limb

A

Limits movement and increases stifle, Hock and suspensory ligament injuries

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9
Q

Flexor tendons include the

A

SDFT and DDFT

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10
Q

Bone Spavin is

A

osteoarthritis of the lower hock joints

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11
Q

Most horses with bone spavin will
show significant improvement in the degree of
lameness in response to the

A

injection of local
anaesthetic into the tarsometatarsal joint.

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12
Q

Tenosynovitis of the horse’s tarsal sheath is also known as

A

thoroughpin

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13
Q

Thoroughpin is typically unilateral and considered to be a consequence of trauma to the

A

DDFT within the sheath or to the sheath lining itself.

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14
Q

Bone Spavins are common in confirmations which cause uneven loading of the hocks

A

Sickle Hocks, Cow Hocks

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15
Q

Shoeing Bone Spavin

A

Assist breakover (rolled toes/wedge pads) or heal suport egg bar shoes.

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16
Q

Ligament composed of

A

collagen fibres

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17
Q

Articular Windgall

A

Fetlock of the fore or hind limb joint capcule between the suspensory ligament and the cannon bone
(OCD)

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18
Q

Cyclinal movement of

A

synovial fluid ensure sound joints

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19
Q

Foot Xrays you might need

A

Needle to show angles

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20
Q

Sidebone is the

A

ossification of lateral cartiliages.
Calcium laid down uneilt bone and then cannot absorb movement

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21
Q

Kissing Spines graded

A

1 to 4

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22
Q

Ultrasound takes

A

slices of the limb

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23
Q

MRI shows

A

articulated surface and every layer.

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24
Q

Suspensory Ligament: The suspensory ligament is a key structure that supports the

A

fetlock joint and prevents excessive downward movement of the joint.

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25
Q

Chronic progressive lymphedema (CPL) is a disease of some

A

breeds of draft horse, whereby the lower legs becomes progressively more swollen.

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26
Q

Ringbone, defined simply as progressive

A

arthritic change that affects the pastern and/or coffin joints (high and low ringbone, respectively), can occur in one or multiple limbs

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27
Q

Horses with upright pasterns or that tend to have an extreme variation, either a valgus (a limb deviating outward from midline) or varus (deviating inward) deformity where they’re collapsing one side of the joint space

A

can lead to arthritic changes and as such ringbone

28
Q

Most common cause of ringbone is

A

working on hard surfaces from a young age and injuries to the joint’s cartilage and/or ligaments that lead to osteoarthritic changes in the joint

29
Q

Ringbone - Paying close attention to hoof angles can help.

A

A hoof angle that’s excessively upright or excessively low can be problematic for these cases.

An upright hoof capsule doesn’t absorb concussion well and transmits vibratory forces up the limb.

When angles are too low, it’s hard to create a nice alignment with your horse’s bony column (the coffin and pastern bones).”

30
Q

Shoes for horses with ringbone should

A

promote easy breakover

31
Q

Where a tendon crosses a joint it is protected by a

A

synovial sheath and supported by the annular ligament

32
Q

3 Stages of healing Tendon and Ligaments

A

Damaged tissues is removed by white blood cells, Collagen has poor blood supply so this is slow
Fibroblasts migrate to the area to produce new collagen
Scare or granulation tissues is then remodelled

33
Q

Over time, horses with a club foot that goes untreated or that fails to improve to a “normal” state might

A

Coffin joint pain

34
Q

Long Back, Short Croup

A

. This conformation is a benefit for certain athletes—it allows them to jump higher. But for this conformation to work for horses, they require proper strengthening or they might be prone to injury. “At the start of every ride, walk these horses for 15 minutes,”
“This allows the joints (of the spine) to lubricate and signals to the horse’s system that it is time to work.”

35
Q

Veterinarians sometimes attribute stifle laxity to the way a horse’s femur (“thigh”) and tibia come together—

A

too straight an angle

36
Q

Look for the following when evaluating a horse’s head.

A

Bright, bold, wide set eyes

Ears set slightly below the poll

A lower jaw that is clearly defined and well separated underneath the jaw

Large nostrils

A clean throatlatch without heavy fat and muscling

37
Q

Shoulder angle

A

40 -55 degrees

38
Q

A wide chest (from the front) allows for

A

good stamina, endurance and lung capacity.

Good chest and rib form leads to strong leg, shoulder and neck attachment, which creates a powerful athletic performer.

39
Q

Over at the knee does not

A

put strain on flexor tendons

40
Q

Fetlocks large and flat

A

to allow joint movement

41
Q

Long forearm increases amount of

A

ground covered by each stride

42
Q

Slab sided horses

A

limited space for internal organs

43
Q

Pigeon Chested

A

Chest Bulging forward

44
Q

tied in below the knee , where the leg is narrower directly underneath the knee than it is further down. This can

A

restrict the movement of the tendons.

45
Q

Lateral ridges around the hoof wall can indicate

A

lami

46
Q

Compared to trotting in hand with the addition of a rider the vertical GRF is increased in the forelimbs

A

to a greater degree than in the hind limbs

47
Q

In horses with uneven feet vertical ground reaction force maximal horizontal braking and vertical displacement are higher on the side

A

with the flatter foot

48
Q

“High ringbone refers to the condition when it affects the

A

Pastern

49
Q

low ringbone refers to the condition when it affects the

A

coffin

50
Q

COLD-HOSING – cold-hosing removes heat by

A

conduction. How much heat is removed and how quickly is determined by how cold the water is, the flow-rate of the water and how long you hose for. The most heat will be removed by hosing for a long time, with very cold water from a high flow-rate hose.

51
Q

BOOTS THAT ARE SOAKED IN WATER – boots that are soaked in water and which have a gel inside to absorb and hold water cool mainly by

A

evaporation. There is an initial transfer of heat from the skin to the boot by conduction which depends on the difference in temperature between skin and boot when the boot is applied. So soaking a water boot in ice-cold water before application will increase the rate of heat removal. Further cooling is then achieved by evaporation of the water. The effectiveness with which these type of boots cool is highly dependent on the climate. When it is hot, dry and breezy they work well. When it is high humidity and low temperature they are ineffective.

52
Q

BOOTS THAT ARE PLACED IN THE FREEZER – boots that are placed in the freezer or have ice packs inserted into them cool by

A

conduction

53
Q

DJD look out for

A

Lameness (may not be obvious if more than one limb is affected)

Stiffness

Pain on flexion/decreased joint mobility

Joint swelling

New bone formation

Muscle wastage

Weight loss

Handling issues/changes (for example uncharacteristic resistance to leg handling)

54
Q

Cartrophen Vet contains

A

Pentosan Polysulphate Sodium, a semi-synthetic polymer.

55
Q

PAAG significantly alleviated lameness and joint effusion in osteoarthritic joints. PAAG is a safe and lasting

A

(at least 24 months) OA treatment in horses. PAAG is a promising new treatment for OA in horses.

56
Q

Tildren/OsPhos break down osteoclasts so prevent

A

bone breakdown occurring which is beneficial for arthritis (less so for young horses)

57
Q

Cartrophen works to prevent further cartilage degeneration and

A

support fluid regeneration

58
Q

Why do we use pads?

A
  1. Maximise the horses performance
  2. Minimise concussion
  3. Protection
59
Q

What are the main types of pads?

A

Leather, Plasters , Ibex Frog Suppot, Equi-Pak

60
Q

Packing material

A

Equi-pak – it can be used to pack underneath pads, i.e. graduated leather pads.
Dental impression material (DIM)- Offers great support and cushioning. I often mix copper sulphate granules in, to help combat bacteria.
Magic cushion – shredded leather with a mixture of oils bonded together. It forms a tar-like consistency and is great for drawing out bruising.
Hoof matrix – shredded leather with a combination of oils such as eucalyptus and T- tree. It has great antibacterial properties.

61
Q

“Wedge pads, for example, can be used to artificially raise the

A

hoof angle

62
Q

Wedges can be used to provide support and relieve tension on tendons and ligaments. In cases of tendon or ligament injuries, such as

A

deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) injuries or suspensory ligament issues, wedges may be utilized to alter the angle of the hoof and reduce strain on the affected structures during the healing process.

63
Q

Compensation for Conformational Abnormalities: Horses with conformational abnormalities, such as a

A

club foot or angular limb deformities, may benefit from wedges to help compensate for the imbalance or deviation in limb structure. The wedges can help provide better alignment and improve the horse’s overall movement and comfort.

64
Q

Frog support pads help horses that need bony column support, such as

A

lami horse

65
Q

Horses head pretty much mature at

A

6

bhs stage 5 (13 decks)

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