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bhs stage 5 > Confirmation > Flashcards

Confirmation Flashcards

1
Q

Example of something that causes splints

A

Offset knees or pigeon toes

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2
Q

Hoof pastern being upright creates

A

An uncomfortable ride

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3
Q

Sickle hocks

A

Hoof to far forward
Strain on hocks
Can cause curbs

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4
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Retraction

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5
Q

Pectorals are either

A

Superfial or deep

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6
Q

Superficial pectoralis

A

Hold limbs in support chest during locomotion

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7
Q

Deep pectoralis

A

Support chest between forelegs and aductuon of limbs

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8
Q

Tendinitis windgalls

A

Lining of the tendon sheath between the suspensory and the flexor tendon thickens causing soft swelling

Come and go
Close to skin
Lining of the tendon sheath between the suspensory and the flexor tendon thickens causing soft swelling
Hind legs /older horses

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9
Q

Serratus Ventralis

A

Lifts ribcage

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10
Q

Osteoclast constantly

A

removing old bone

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11
Q

Osteoblasts

A

build new bone

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12
Q

If the neck is set on too deep, and extends forward from the withers rather than up,

A

elevation is more difficult.
Although can be corrected with muscle

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13
Q

Apart from truly faulty hindquarters, the upside down (ewe) neck, creates

A

the biggest challenge for the rider. It is usually impossible to obtain the correct head position required for the reliable action of the bit.

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14
Q

However, beware because thin, green, horses which have lost all the fat in their crest, and have a hollow in front of the withers can

A

give the false impression of having a ewe neck

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15
Q

How much space the horse has at the jowl for its

A

parotid gland determines whether the horse can flex at the poll to let the head hang at the vertical. Problem when in high headcarriage in dressage.

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16
Q

A plumb line from the point of shoulder to the ground should biscet the

A

foreleg and foot

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17
Q

Excessively straight hind limbs are more likely to

A

suffer suspensory ligament damage.

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18
Q

horses that excel at the collected movements (particularly piaffe and passage) tend to have an ilium side (point of hip to point of buttocks) that is

A

flatter’ than those that excel in extension.

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19
Q

Horses with lower stifle placement,

A

in general, have a longer stride due to the increased range of motion that the lower stifle allows.

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20
Q

General traits required of a top dressage mount

A

good LS (lumbosacral gap, or high point of croup) placement, an ilium side shorter than the femur side, stifle placement at or just below sheath level.

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21
Q

Pelvic hind limb bears

A

40-45% of the weight and provides the majority of propulsion for locomotion.

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22
Q

If back pain causes the multifidus to atrophy the

A

longissimus dorsi takes its place.

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23
Q

The head acts as a

A

Lever . So more likely to have a horse over bent with large head

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24
Q

Forward set shoulder equals

A

Limited stride

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25
Q

Horses that race over short to middle distances, such as racing Quarter Horses and Thoroughbreds, have the

A

longest pelvises

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26
Q

In his doctoral research, Swedish equine biomechanics expert Dr. Mikael Holmström found that the average pelvic angle in elite Swedish Warmblood dressage horses was

A

30 degrees

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27
Q

You should be able to fit two fingers directly behind the

A

check bone

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28
Q

Important that the tongue groove is big enough for the

A

tongue to lie comfortably

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29
Q

A classic goose rump is just a

A

steap angulation of the pelvis

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30
Q

Goose rump can effect

A

collection

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31
Q

a short cannon bone will improve the

A

ease and power of movement in the front legs

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32
Q

Over at the knee

A

Knee is set to to far forward

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33
Q

Conversely, a horse with very narrowly set legs will have

A

difficulties balancing

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34
Q

Conversely, horses who are over at the knee are very

A

prone to stumbling

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35
Q

a less steeply angles houlder or a slightly sloped croup will place the

A

centre of gravity towards the hroses ears

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36
Q

a compact horse with repsective angulation of the shoulder and croup will find it easier to

A

shift his center of gravity than a horse with a longer body.

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37
Q

There is no bony connection between body and

A

forelimbs

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38
Q

When the back muscle relaxes its

A

abnominal muscle contracts

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39
Q

when the lower neck muscle is contracted it blocks

A

the parotid gland

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40
Q

Horses with a longer head are more likely

A

to be behind the vertical

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41
Q

Inside height of horses mouth

A

2 to 4 cm

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42
Q

Flat palated horse needs a

A

double jointed bit

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43
Q

bitless bridles can work on the

A

nervus facialis

44
Q

Poll is two vertebrate the

A

atlas and tha axis

45
Q

Cervical spine constists of

A

7 vertebrae

46
Q

Entire neck acts as a

A

balancing rod

47
Q

Ideal Neck length is thought to be

A

one third of the total body length

48
Q

Low set neck more likely to go against the

A

riders hand

49
Q

Horse neck too high can encourage

A

horse to be a leg mover with a tight back

50
Q

Scapula to humerous should be

A

90 degrees or less

51
Q

Shoulder in a show jumper can be a bit

A

more forward

52
Q

an overly long humerous

A

may cause the horses front legs to stand too far underneath the horse

53
Q

Foals are often born with a

A

base wide stance

54
Q

With muscle development and chest expansion the

A

elbows can turn outwards allowing the horse to assume the current posture

55
Q

Carpal joint is the

A

equivalent of the wrist

56
Q

the accessory carpal

A

acts as a guide bar for the tendnos

57
Q

shape and size of the carpal joint

A

not associated with any particular mechanics

58
Q

Embedded between the splint bones you find the

A

superficial digital flexor tendon and the deep digital flexor tendon

59
Q

Lateral swelling of the tendon

A

inflammation of the deep digital flexor tendon

60
Q

Tendon bows backwards

A

superficial digital flexor tendon

61
Q

Sesamoid Bones do not have a periosteum which means that

A

healing after injury is almost impossible

62
Q

Fetlock is a purely

A

hinge joint

63
Q

Pastern angle

A

45- 50 degrees

64
Q

Long pastern

A

acts as shock absorber

65
Q

Overly long pastern

A

pressure on tendons and ligaments

66
Q

Standing camped out is a lesser evit that

A

camped under

67
Q

horses can stand camped out to

A

compensate for pain in lower limbs

68
Q

Deivation from the ideal for the whole limb is better than

A

for individual joints

69
Q

attempt to correct stance after 7 tends to cause

A

lameness

70
Q

How many thoraric vertabrates

A

18 to 19

71
Q

Lumbar

A

6 vertabraes

72
Q

eventer long back

A

stride length - canter

73
Q

longer loin can effect

A

stability

74
Q

very straight croup can make it difficult to

A

step underneath themselves

75
Q

Tibia should be the same length as the

A

femur

76
Q

Fluid retention such as bog spavins equal

A

joint weakness

77
Q

Hock joint angle should be

A

130 degrees

78
Q

Long pasterns are much more upright in the hind limb

A

50 to 55 degree

79
Q

hoof grows in the direct which

A

hits the ground first

80
Q

Eccentric

A

Muscle lengthened

81
Q

Isometric

A

Static

82
Q

Fast Twitch : Type 2B

A

Perform at great speed
Largest fibres with the fatest twitch
Are used to enable the horse to work at high speed over short distances.
Work Anaerobically requiring glycogen to produce energy quickly
Fatigue quikcer than Type 1 and Type 2A fibre

83
Q

When the bicepts shorten the

A

tricep length

84
Q

Scalene and longus colli

A

together with the thoracic sling , these muscles support the base of the neck and help maintain good posture

85
Q

Development of the iliopsoas, quadriceps, gluteals and hamstrings

A

vital to enable horse to sit behind

86
Q

Medial Gluteal, Biceps femoris and longissimus dorsi

A

Important for push at take- off, supporting the back , raising the forehand and flicking hind end away

87
Q

Triceps, forelimb retraction muscle chain and the thoracic sling

A

provide the power to start the jump

88
Q

abdominals, ilopsoas and hip flexors

A

good back posture and bringing hind leg under

89
Q

infraspinatus , deltoid and bicep brachi

A

suppleness and flexion allow the shoulder and elbow to tuck in

90
Q

medial gluteal

A

provide power for hip extension

91
Q

Carpus valgus is a turning-outward of the knees that can increase strain

A

strain on the bones and ligaments on the medial (inner) part of the leg.

92
Q

Knock knees can

A

interfere with the horse’s stride and also lead to arthritis development or secondary knee injuries, such as bone chips, from abnormal forces on the carpal bones.

93
Q

club foot, when the angle the face of the hoof wall makes with the ground is greater than

A

60 degrees

94
Q

n neonatal and young affected foals, a treatment with oxytetracycline (an antibiotic with calcium-binding properties that relax muscles) can be implemented to help relax a tight deep digital flexor muscle/tendon unit that is often the cause

A

club foot

95
Q

trot is the best gait to assess

A

symmetry

96
Q

The way the horse is put together depends on

A

Skeletal Shap and Muscular Development

97
Q

Poll to wither same distance as

A

wither to croup

98
Q

Too long an upper jaw is called

A

over shot or parrot mouth

99
Q

Too long an lower jaw is called

A

under shot or sow mouth

100
Q

too broaded a chest

A

equals rolling gait

101
Q

small shoulder may restrict

A

movement

102
Q

Tied in at the elbow

A

Will make it difficult to use the shoulder properly , straight leg action with foot barely clearing the ground surface as in a daisy cutting action

103
Q

Out at the elbow

A

toes turn in and weight be distributed unevenly on the outside of the leg

104
Q

A club foot is prone to

A

abscesses, bruising, or laminitis.

105
Q

Cow-hocked conformation

A

hock joints

bhs stage 5 (13 decks)

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