Horse Flashcards
With horses energy requirements, VFA can provide?
- Up to 75% of the energy requirement
How much saliva do Horses produce a day?
- 20 liters
Horse saliva production is nessasary for?
- Lubricating the food for easier passage
- Neutralising the stomach acid
Horse saliva does not contain digestive enzymes
Passage type of a Horse stomach?
- 1-5 hours
-Depends on feed type
Horse stomach is divided into?
- Non-Glandular
- Glandular
What activity is in the Non-Glandular part of the Horse stomach?
- Bacterial fermentation of Soluble Carbohydrates begins
- Soluble Carbohydrates (starch) are converted into Lactic Acid
- This process stops as the stomach content move into the Glandular part of the stomach
What activity is in the Glandular part of the Horse stomach?
- Content is mixed with Gastric Acid
- It constantly secretes
-Hydrochloric Acid
-Pepsin - Which start Protein digestion
The Small Intestine digest what?
- Starch = 65-75% (Limited ability)
- Starch + Monosaccharides are digested and absorbed in duodenum and jejunum
- Protein + AAs = 60-70%
- Fat = 90% (Requires Bile Salts)
-Fat is digested and absorbed in the ileum - Ca absorption = 95-99%
- Phosphorus = 20-25%
Passage rate of the Horse Small Intestine?
- 1.5 hours
Bile production in Horses is different, why?
- Horses don’t have a Gall Bladder
- It’s produced by the liver instead
- Bile helps with Fat digestion
What is the main absorption of Horse Cecum?
- Water
Passage rate of a Horse Cecum?
- 36-48 hours
What does the Colon of a Horse absorbe?
Large Colon
* Water
* VFAs
* AA
* Phosphorus (50%)
* NaCl
Small Colon
* Water
What is the function of a Horse Cecum and Colon?
- Microbial fermentation of Structural Carbohydrates
-Cellulose
-Hemi-Celluose
-Pectins - Also microbial fermentation of the Fibrous content
- Production of VFAs (Cecum) and Absorbtion of VFAs (Colon)
Which amolytic enzyme is essential for the digestion of stach in horse small intestine?
- Alpha-Amylase
Recommended Starch amount in horse feed per day?
- Shoul be limited to 1-1.5g/kg BW
What is the recommendation of Horse feed per day?
- At least 1kg DM/100kg BW
- 1% of weight
What is the amount of water consumbed by Horses daily?
- 20-55 (or more)
Energy,Protein and Fat requirments of a Horse are?
- Crude fibre = 17-25% DM
-NDF = 40-50% DM
-ADF = 30-35% DM - Crude protein = 7-20% DM
-5g digestable protein per 1MJ DE = 9/10:1 ratio - Crude Fat = 3-5% DM
-Horses can tolerate high levels of fat, can digest 10-20% fat in their diet
What is the largest part of the Horses diet?
- Carbohydrates!
Which feedstuff in best for horses with regards to starch digestability?
- Oats
- Digestability 80-90%
What is the Calcum-Phosphorus ratio of Mare in the last 3 months of pregnancy?
- 1.4
- Ca 0.5 : P 0.3
What is the Calcium-Phosphorus ratio of Mare during lactation?
- 1.7
- Ca 0.6 : P 0.35
What is the birth weight of a foal?
- 8-10% of the mares initial body weight
What is the gestation weight of a mare?
- 12-16% of the mares initial weight
When is the most important fetal growth during a mares gestation?
- Mid to Late gestation (last 4 months)
- Will gain 70-75% of its final birth weight
When does the mare need increased nutrients during gestation?
- Late gestation (last 4 months)
- Should recieve about 1.5-2.0% of BW in feed/day
Lactating mare requires more?
- Protein
- Energy
- Calcium
- Phosphorus
How much total feed does a lactating mare require?
- 2-3% of mares BW
Digestable Crude Protein per unit of Energy of pregnant vs lactating mare?
- Pregnant = 7g CP per unit of Energy MJ
- Lactating = 9g CP per unit of Energy MJ
When do you need to increase the supply of energy and nutrients for Stallions?
- 4-6 weeks before and during mating
Working horses have increased requirement for?
- Energy!
- Depending on the working hours the energy requirements increase 25%, 50% and 100% above the normal maintenance
