Hormones of the human body

Question 1

What does ADH stand for?

Answer 1

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 2

What does ADH do?

Answer 2

It is stimulated when you are dehydrated. It increases blood osmolarity (by causing the kidneys to release less water, decreasing urine production). More ADH = less urine / Less ADH = more urine. Also this acts to maintain blood pressure.

Question 3

Where is ADH produced?

Answer 3

hypothalamus

Question 4

What part of the body secretes ADH in the boodstream?

Answer 4

Posterior pituitary

Question 5

What does RAAS stand for?

Answer 5

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

Question 6

What is the stimulus for RAAS?

Answer 6

low blood pressure

Question 7

Where is renin secreted from and why?

Answer 7

The kidneys sense low blood pressure and secrete renin into the blood

Question 8

What does renin do?

Answer 8

converts angiotensinogen (a precursor of angiotensin that is produced in the liver) into angiotensin I

Question 9

How does angiotensin I convert to angiotensin II?

Answer 9

the enzyme ACE (that is from the lungs)

Question 10

What does angiotensin II do?

Answer 10

constricts blood vessels increasing blood pressure. stimulates the release of ADH; increasing blood pressure. AND stimulated adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone.

Question 11

Where is aldosterone secreted from?

Answer 11

the adrenal cortex

Question 12

what does aldosterone do?

Answer 12

Promote reabsorption of Na+ in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct./ helps control the balance of water and salts in the kidney by keeping Na+ in and releasing potassium from the body.

Question 13

What is the outcome of RAAS?

Answer 13

blood volume and pressure is increased.

Question 14

What does ANH stand for?

Answer 14

Atrial Natriuretic hormone

Question 15

What does ANH do?

Answer 15

lowers blood pressure

Question 16

Where is the sensor for ANH?

Answer 16

The atria in the heart

Question 17

What is the outcome of ANH?

Answer 17

Blood pressure is decreased

Question 18

What is included in lipid-derived hormones?

Answer 18

steroid hormones like estrogen and testosterone

Question 19

What are two examples of steroid hormones?

Answer 19

estrogen and testosterone

Question 20

Where on the cell is the hormone receptor complex for a lipid-derived hormone?

Answer 20

inside the cell

Question 21

What 2 are examples of amino acid-derived hormones?

Answer 21

tyrosine and tryptophan

Question 22

What do the majority of amino acid-derived hormones names end with?

Answer 22

“ine”

Question 23

What are three examples of peptide hormones?

Answer 23

ADH, insulin, and oxytocin

Question 24

Where on the cell is the hormone receptor complex for amino acid-derived hormones and peptide hormones?

Answer 24

on the cell surface

Question 25

What is an example of hormones with antagonistic effects (opposing responses)?

Answer 25

insulin and glucagon

Question 26

What does HYP stand for?

Answer 26

Hypothalamus

Question 27

Where does the HYP secrete hormones into?

Answer 27

the posterior pituitary

Question 28

What does the HYP stimulate to secrete hormones?

Answer 28

the anterior pituitary

Question 29

What does PP stand for?

Answer 29

posterior pituitary

Question 30

What are the two hormones of the PP and what do they do?

Answer 30

ADH (water balance) and oxytocin (uterine contractions)

Question 31

What is an example of a simulating or inhibiting hormone the AP receives from the HYP?

Answer 31

GnRH

Question 32

What does GnRH stand for?

Answer 32

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Question 33

What is a tropic hormone?

Answer 33

Hormones that stimulate the production and secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands

Question 34

What is a non-tropic hormone?

Answer 34

Hormones that directly stimulate target cells to induce effects

Question 35

What 5 hormones does the AP release?

Answer 35

GH (tropic and non-tropic), TSH, FSH, LH, and ACTH (tropic)

Question 36

What does GH stand for?

Answer 36

Growth hormone

Question 37

What three hormones does the thyroid gland release?

Answer 37

Thyroxine T3 and T4 and calcitonin

Question 38

What does Thyroxine T3 and T4 do?

Answer 38

controls cellular metabolism

Question 39

What does calcitonin do?

Answer 39

lowers Ca+ levels in bloodstream

Question 40

What is Hypothyroidism?

Answer 40

too little thyroxine (metabolic rate decreases)

Question 41

What is hyperthyroidism?

Answer 41

too much thyroxine (metabolic rate increases)

Question 42

What hormone does the parathyroid release?

Answer 42

PTH

Question 43

what does PTH stand for?

Answer 43

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Question 44

What does PTH do?

Answer 44

increases Ca+ levels in the blood (opposes calcitonin)

Question 45

What two hormones are released by the pancreas?

Answer 45

Insulin and glucagon

Question 46

what does insulin do?

Answer 46

lowers blood glucose (promoting glycogen storage)

Question 47

what does glucagon do?

Answer 47

increases blood glucose (promoting glycogen hydrolysis)

Question 48

What controls the adrenal medulla?

Answer 48

the nervous system

Question 49

What two hormones does the adrenal medulla release?

Answer 49

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 50

what does epinephrine do?

Answer 50

It plays an important role in the body’s “fight-or-flight” response

Question 51

what does norepinephrine do?

Answer 51

It plays an important role in your body’s “fight-or-flight” response, and is used to increase and maintain blood pressure

Question 52

What controls the adrenal cortex?

Answer 52

ACTH from the AP

Question 53

What three hormones does the adrenal cortex release?

Answer 53

glucocoricoids (affects carbohydrate metabolism), aldosterone (salt balance), androgens (muscle mass)

Question 54

What are the gonads?

Answer 54

ovaries and testes

Question 55

What controls the gonads?

Answer 55

GNRH (from HYP) and FSH and LH (from AP)

Question 56

What category of hormones do the gonads release?

Answer 56

steroid hormones

Question 57

What hormones do the testes release?

Answer 57

androgens (like testosterone)

Question 58

What hormones do the ovaries release?

Answer 58

estrogen and progesterone

Question 59

What does LH stand for?

Answer 59

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 60

What does Luteinizing hormone (LH) do for men?

Answer 60

stimulate interstitial cells to produce testosterone

Question 61

What does LH do for women?

Answer 61

LH induces ovulation and maintains corpus luteum

Question 62

What does FSH stand for?

Answer 62

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 63

What does FSH do for men?

Answer 63

promotes sperm production

Question 64

What does FSH do for women?

Answer 64

stimulates the immature follicle to develop

Question 65

In women what secretes estrogen?

Answer 65

a mature follicle

Question 66

what does progesterone do?

Answer 66

maintain the endometrium in the uterus and inhibits the AP and HYP

Question 67

What does HCG stand for?

Answer 67

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 68

what does HCG do as part of implantation?

Answer 68

maintain the corpus luteum so it can continue to secrete progesterone

Question 69

what secretes HCG?

Answer 69

the embryo then placenta