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BIO-060-110 DLU > Hormones of the human body > Flashcards

Hormones of the human body Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does ADH stand for?

A

Antidiuretic hormone

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2
Q

What does ADH do?

A

It is stimulated when you are dehydrated. It increases blood osmolarity (by causing the kidneys to release less water, decreasing urine production). More ADH = less urine / Less ADH = more urine. Also this acts to maintain blood pressure.

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3
Q

Where is ADH produced?

A

hypothalamus

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4
Q

What part of the body secretes ADH in the boodstream?

A

Posterior pituitary

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5
Q

What does RAAS stand for?

A

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

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6
Q

What is the stimulus for RAAS?

A

low blood pressure

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7
Q

Where is renin secreted from and why?

A

The kidneys sense low blood pressure and secrete renin into the blood

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8
Q

What does renin do?

A

converts angiotensinogen (a precursor of angiotensin that is produced in the liver) into angiotensin I

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9
Q

How does angiotensin I convert to angiotensin II?

A

the enzyme ACE (that is from the lungs)

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10
Q

What does angiotensin II do?

A

constricts blood vessels increasing blood pressure. stimulates the release of ADH; increasing blood pressure. AND stimulated adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone.

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11
Q

Where is aldosterone secreted from?

A

the adrenal cortex

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12
Q

what does aldosterone do?

A

Promote reabsorption of Na+ in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct./ helps control the balance of water and salts in the kidney by keeping Na+ in and releasing potassium from the body.

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13
Q

What is the outcome of RAAS?

A

blood volume and pressure is increased.

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14
Q

What does ANH stand for?

A

Atrial Natriuretic hormone

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15
Q

What does ANH do?

A

lowers blood pressure

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16
Q

Where is the sensor for ANH?

A

The atria in the heart

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17
Q

What is the outcome of ANH?

A

Blood pressure is decreased

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18
Q

What is included in lipid-derived hormones?

A

steroid hormones like estrogen and testosterone

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19
Q

What are two examples of steroid hormones?

A

estrogen and testosterone

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20
Q

Where on the cell is the hormone receptor complex for a lipid-derived hormone?

A

inside the cell

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21
Q

What 2 are examples of amino acid-derived hormones?

A

tyrosine and tryptophan

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22
Q

What do the majority of amino acid-derived hormones names end with?

A

“ine”

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23
Q

What are three examples of peptide hormones?

A

ADH, insulin, and oxytocin

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24
Q

Where on the cell is the hormone receptor complex for amino acid-derived hormones and peptide hormones?

A

on the cell surface

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25
Q

What is an example of hormones with antagonistic effects (opposing responses)?

A

insulin and glucagon

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26
Q

What does HYP stand for?

A

Hypothalamus

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27
Q

Where does the HYP secrete hormones into?

A

the posterior pituitary

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28
Q

What does the HYP stimulate to secrete hormones?

A

the anterior pituitary

29
Q

What does PP stand for?

A

posterior pituitary

30
Q

What are the two hormones of the PP and what do they do?

A

ADH (water balance) and oxytocin (uterine contractions)

31
Q

What is an example of a simulating or inhibiting hormone the AP receives from the HYP?

A

GnRH

32
Q

What does GnRH stand for?

A

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

33
Q

What is a tropic hormone?

A

Hormones that stimulate the production and secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands

34
Q

What is a non-tropic hormone?

A

Hormones that directly stimulate target cells to induce effects

35
Q

What 5 hormones does the AP release?

A

GH (tropic and non-tropic), TSH, FSH, LH, and ACTH (tropic)

36
Q

What does GH stand for?

A

Growth hormone

37
Q

What three hormones does the thyroid gland release?

A

Thyroxine T3 and T4 and calcitonin

38
Q

What does Thyroxine T3 and T4 do?

A

controls cellular metabolism

39
Q

What does calcitonin do?

A

lowers Ca+ levels in bloodstream

40
Q

What is Hypothyroidism?

A

too little thyroxine (metabolic rate decreases)

41
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A

too much thyroxine (metabolic rate increases)

42
Q

What hormone does the parathyroid release?

A

PTH

43
Q

what does PTH stand for?

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

44
Q

What does PTH do?

A

increases Ca+ levels in the blood (opposes calcitonin)

45
Q

What two hormones are released by the pancreas?

A

Insulin and glucagon

46
Q

what does insulin do?

A

lowers blood glucose (promoting glycogen storage)

47
Q

what does glucagon do?

A

increases blood glucose (promoting glycogen hydrolysis)

48
Q

What controls the adrenal medulla?

A

the nervous system

49
Q

What two hormones does the adrenal medulla release?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

50
Q

what does epinephrine do?

A

It plays an important role in the body’s “fight-or-flight” response

51
Q

what does norepinephrine do?

A

It plays an important role in your body’s “fight-or-flight” response, and is used to increase and maintain blood pressure

52
Q

What controls the adrenal cortex?

A

ACTH from the AP

53
Q

What three hormones does the adrenal cortex release?

A

glucocoricoids (affects carbohydrate metabolism), aldosterone (salt balance), androgens (muscle mass)

54
Q

What are the gonads?

A

ovaries and testes

55
Q

What controls the gonads?

A

GNRH (from HYP) and FSH and LH (from AP)

56
Q

What category of hormones do the gonads release?

A

steroid hormones

57
Q

What hormones do the testes release?

A

androgens (like testosterone)

58
Q

What hormones do the ovaries release?

A

estrogen and progesterone

59
Q

What does LH stand for?

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

60
Q

What does Luteinizing hormone (LH) do for men?

A

stimulate interstitial cells to produce testosterone

61
Q

What does LH do for women?

A

LH induces ovulation and maintains corpus luteum

62
Q

What does FSH stand for?

A

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

63
Q

What does FSH do for men?

A

promotes sperm production

64
Q

What does FSH do for women?

A

stimulates the immature follicle to develop

65
Q

In women what secretes estrogen?

A

a mature follicle

66
Q

what does progesterone do?

A

maintain the endometrium in the uterus and inhibits the AP and HYP

67
Q

What does HCG stand for?

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin

68
Q

what does HCG do as part of implantation?

A

maintain the corpus luteum so it can continue to secrete progesterone

69
Q

what secretes HCG?

A

the embryo then placenta

BIO-060-110 DLU (6 decks)

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