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EDEXCEL iGCSE Biology > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the hormone ADH made?

A

The pituitary gland

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2
Q

Where is the hormone adrenaline made?

A

The adrenal glands (on top of the kidneys)

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3
Q

Where is the hormone insulin made?

A

Pancreas (by beta cells)

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4
Q

Where is the hormone testosterone made?

A

The Testis

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5
Q

Where is the hormone progesterone made?

A

Ovaries

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6
Q

Where is the hormone oestrogen made?

A

Ovaries

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7
Q

Where is the hormone FSH made?

A

The pituitary gland

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8
Q

Where is the hormone LH made?

A

The pituitary gland

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9
Q

What does ADH stand for?

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

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10
Q

What does LH stand for?

A

Luteinising Hormone

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11
Q

What does FSH stand for?

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

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12
Q

Which is the target organ for the hormone ADH?

A

The kidneys

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13
Q

Which is the target organ for the hormone adrenaline?

A

Heart; Lungs; muscles

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14
Q

Which is the target organ for the hormone insulin?

A

Liver

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15
Q

Which is the target organ for the hormone testosterone?

A

Male reproductive organs

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16
Q

Which is the target organ for the hormone progesterone?

A

The uterus and mammary glands

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17
Q

Which is the target organ for the hormone oestrogen?

A

Female reproductive system

18
Q

Which is the target organ for the hormone FSH?

A

Ovaries

19
Q

Which is the target organ for the hormone LH?

A

Ovaries

20
Q

Where is the function (job) of the hormone adrenaline?

A

* Increases the heart rate. * Increases breathing rate. * Boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles, preparing the body for ‘flight or fight’.

21
Q

Where is the function (job) of the hormone ADH?

A

Water retention by the kidneys

22
Q

Where is the function (job) of the hormone insulin?

A

Causes glucose to move from the blood into the cells. In liver and muscle cells excess glucose is converted to glycogen for storage.

23
Q

Where is the function (job) of the hormone testosterone?

A

* Main male reproductive hormone * Stimulates sperm production * Causes secondary sexual characteristics

24
Q

Where is the function (job) of the hormone progesterone?

A

Maintains the lining of the uterus during the middle part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy.

25
Q

Where is the function (job) of the hormone oestrogen?

A

* Stops production of FSH (so only 1 egg matures at a time) * Repairs, thickens and maintains the uterus lining * Stimulates the pituitary gland to release LH * Causes secondary sexual characteristics

26
Q

Where is the function (job) of the hormone FSH?

A

Causes an egg to mature in an ovary.Stimulates the ovaries to release oestrogen

27
Q

Where is the function (job) of the hormone LH?

A

Triggers ovulation (the release of a mature egg) from an ovary

28
Q

Where is the pituitary gland found?

A

In the brain

29
Q

HIGHER - What happens when there are high ADH levels in the blood?

A

* More water is resorbed by the (nephrones / kidney tubules in the) kidneys back in to the blood.

* This is an example of negative feedback.

30
Q

What happens when there is too little water in the blood?

A

The hypothalamus detects this and causes the pituitary gland to release more ADH into the blood.

31
Q

Where is the hypothalamus found?

A

In the brain

32
Q

HIGHER - What happens when there are low ADH levels in the blood?

A

* Less water is resorbed by the (nephrons in the) kidneys back in to the blood.

* This is an example of negative feedback.

33
Q

What happens when there is too little water in the blood?

A

The hypothalamus detects this and causes the pituitary gland to release more ADH into the blood.

34
Q

Which hormones are found in the oral contraceptive (the pill)?

A

Oestrogen or progesterone

35
Q

Which hormones are found in fertility drugs?

A

FSH and LH

36
Q

What is a hormone?

A

A chemical messenger carried in the blood to target organs

37
Q

Where are hormones made?

A

Glands

38
Q

What is the function (job) of the pituitary gland?

A

It is a ‘master gland’ which secretes several hormones into the blood in response to body conditions.

39
Q

Which gland is which?

A

Diagram with answers:

40
Q

Exam Question (May 2012):

One of the characteristics of living organisms is the ability to respond to a change in their surroundings.

In mammals, such as humans, responses are controlled by nervous or hormonal communication.

(a) ADH is an example of a hormone.
(i) Where is ADH produced? (1 mark)
(ii) Describe the effects of ADH in the body (3 marks)
(b) Describe two ways in which nervous communication differs from hormonal communication (2 marks)

A

Answers:

a) i) hypothalamus / pituitary

ii) 1. Collecting duct;
2. More permeable
3. More water reabsorbed into blood / blood more dilute
4. Osmosis;
5. Urine concentrated / less water in urine / less urine

b)

Nervous = i) faster; ii) electrical impulses; iii) in neurones; iv) shorter lasting; v) target cells

Hormonal = i) Slower ii) chemical; iii) in the blood; iv) longer lasting; v) all around body

EDEXCEL iGCSE Biology (10 decks)

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