Hormones Flashcards
what are hormones?
Hormones are chemical messengers released directly into the blood to activate target cells
what are the three hormones in women?
FSH, LH and Oestrogen
where are the hormones made?
The pituitary gland produces FSH and LH and the ovaries produce the oestrogen
in what way are hormones different to nerves?
- Slower reaction time
- Act for a long time
- Act in a more general way
what are the four stages of the menstrual cycle?
Stage 1 is when the bleeding starts as the uterus lining breaks down for about four days
Stage 2 the lining of the uterus builds up again from day 4 to day 14 into a thick spongy layer full of blood vessels, ready to receive a fertilised egg
Stage 3 an egg is released from the ovary at day 14
Stage 4 the wall is then maintained for about 14 days until day 28.If no fertilised egg has landed on the uterus wall by day 28, the spongy lining starts to break down again and the whole cycle starts again
what is FSH?
Follicle stimulating hormone is made in the pituitary gland and causes both the egg to mature in one ovary and stimulates the ovaries that produce oestrogen
what is oestrogen?
Oestrogen is produced in the ovaries and causes both the pituitary gland to produce LH and inhibits further release of FSH
what is LH?
Luteinising hormone is produced in the pituitary gland and stimulates the release f an egg at around the middle of the menstrual cycle
what are the positives of the pill?
The pill is over 99% effective and reduces risks of some types of cancer
what are the negatives of the pill?
It isn’t 100% effective, it has side effects likes headaches and nausea and it doesn’t protect against STD’s
what are the positives of increasing hormones for fertility?
Gives a couple a baby
what are the negatives of increasing hormones for fertility?
Some women have strong painful reactions to the hormones, increased risk of cancers, multiple births and it doesn’t always work
what is auxin?
Auxin is a plant hormone that controls growth near the tips of shoots and roots
what do shoots grow towards?
Light
what do shoots grow away from?
Gravity
