Hormones Flashcards
Endocrine glands
Release hormones directly into the blood
Exocrine glands
Secrete products into ducts
Steroid hormone
Dissolves through the membrane, binds to receptor inside the cell
Role of cyclic AMP (secondary messenger)
open channel proteins
Activate other enzymes
Protein hormone
Binds to receptors on cell surface and releases secondary messenger in the cell
What do alpha cells produce
Glucagon
What do beta cells produce
Insulin
Gluconeogenesis
Making new glucose from lipids and amino acids
Glyconeolysis
Hydrolysis of glycogen
Steps of insulin release
More glucose goes into cell
Glucose is metabolised and more ATP is produced
ATP binds and closes K channels
Depolarisation causes voltage gated Ca+ channels to open
Ca ions cause exocytosis of insulin
What do kinases do
Add phosphate
Regions of adreanal gland
Zona glomerulosa releases mineralocorticoids
Zona faciculata releases cortisol
Zona reticulares releases precursor sex hormones
What is cortisol
Stress hormone
Increases blood glucose level
Causes breakdown of glycogen into glucose
what is the adrenal cortex
outer region
what is the adrenal medulla
inner region
