B1 Flashcards
What is eukaryote And prokaryote
Eukaryotes are complex cells prokaryotes are smaller simpler cells
Cell membrane
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out by providing a selective barrier they also contain receptor molecules that are used for cell communication
Plasmids
Small use of extra DNA that I bought of the chromosome
Resolution (microscopy)
How will a microscope distinguishes between two points that are close together
Electron microscopes
Only electron microscopes will let us see things as tiny as plasmids or viruses
Transmission electron microscope’s
Have a higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes but they’re not portable expensive and it’s complicated process to prepare specimens for use
Preparing specimen for the light microscopy
- If thick take thin slice to start with
- Take it clean slide and use a slide to Put one drop of water in the middle of it
- Used tweezers to put specimen on the slide
- Add a drop of stain if needed
- Place coverslip
- Carefully lower cover slip onto slide press it down gently so that no hair bubbles are trapped under it
Equation for magnification
Magnification = Image size Divided by real size
Equation for total magnification
Eyepiece lens magnification x Objective lens magnification
Polymer
Monomers(nucleotide is a monomer)joined together in a long chain
What is DNA nucleotide made up of
Phosphate sugar base
Transcription
The two strands of DNA unzips around the gene. DNA is used as a template to make the mRNA
Translation
The mRNA molecule then moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm amino acids that match the triplet code is on the mRNA or join together in the correct order this makes the protein.
Conditions for enzymes
Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration
ATP
The energy transferred by respiration can’t be directly used by cells so it’s used to make a substance called ATP
ATP stores the energy needed for many cell processes
What is respiration controlled by?
Enzymes (glucose is substrate)
Aerobic respiration
Happens when there is plenty of oxygen available and it’s the most efficient way to transfer energy from glucose (lots of ATP produced)
Equation for anaerobic respiration
Glucose > Lactic acid
Equation for anaerobic respiration in plants
Glucose > Ethanol + Carbon dioxide
Experiment to demonstrate CO2 production buy some beans
- Use hydrogen carbonate solution to a test tube
- Soak dried beans in water so they germinate
- Place beans onto platform made of gauze
- After about an hour hydrogen carbonate should be yellow due to CO2 production
What do you carbohydrate molecules contain
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What atoms you amino acids contain
Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen
Where are proteins are broken down
Proteins are broken down by enzymes in the stomach and small intestine
What are lipids made up of
Glycerol and three fatty acids
Not polymers because they don’t form a long chain of repeating units
