3.1 exchange surfaces

Question 1

what does the insect respiratory system consist of

Answer 1

-open circulatory system
-tracheole
-tracheole fluid
-spiracle
-trachea (supported by chitin)

Question 2

factors that affect the need for exchange surfaces

Answer 2

-level of activity
-surface area
-diffusion distance
-blood supply

Question 3

how is the trachea adapted to its role

Answer 3

goblet cells (mucus)
ciliated epithelial cells
smooth muscle (constrict)

Question 4

role of the diaphragm

Answer 4

-contracts, pulls down
-decreaces pressure in the lungs so air moves in

Question 5

role of the external intercostal muscles

Answer 5

moves ribcage up

Question 6

what does the soda lime in the spirometer do

Answer 6

absorb CO2

Question 7

precautions when setting up spirometer

Answer 7

soda lime
fresh O2
water not overfilled

Question 8

what is the tidal volume

Answer 8

distance between resting peaks

Question 9

what is the residual volume

Answer 9

distance between max exhale and x-axis (set amount of air in lungs)

Question 10

what is the total capacity

Answer 10

distance between max inhale and x-axis

Question 11

what is the vital capacity

Answer 11

distance between max inhale and max exhale

Question 12

how do you work out rate of 02 intake from spirometer reading

Answer 12

change in volume / change in time (gradient)

Question 13

what is the operculum

Answer 13

outer covering of gills

Question 14

what is the purpose of counter current flow

Answer 14

maintain a concentration gradient along the gill plate so oxygen intake is maximized