Hormones

Question 1

What is “Brain sand” ?

Answer 1

degenerated pineal gland caused by Flouride

Question 2

What is another name for the pineal gland?

Answer 2

epithalamus

Question 3

What does the pineal gland produce?

Answer 3

Melatonin

Question 4

What is the order to melatonin production?

Answer 4

tryptophan → serotonin → melatonin

Question 5

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 5

via Releasing Factors/Stimulating factors

Question 6

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 6

via direct axonal connection

Question 7

What is another name for the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 7

Adenohypophysis

Question 8

What is another name for the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 8

Neurohypophysis

Question 9

What is the embryonic origin of the Adenohypophysis?

Answer 9

Rathke’s pouch (aka surface/oral ectoderm)

Question 10

A deficiency in ACTH (Adrenocorticotropin Hormone) causes what disease?

Answer 10

Addison’s

Question 11

What are characteristics of Addison’s disease?

Answer 11

Low blood pressure, Hyper-pigmented/Bronze mouth and face

Question 12

What are the supporting cells of the testes?

Answer 12

Sertoli cells

Question 13

What is another name for Growth Hormone?

Answer 13

Somatotrophin

Question 14

Growth Hormone targets all tissues except which?

Answer 14

cartilage

Question 15

Somatostatin release triggered by hypothalamus shuts off which hormone?

Answer 15

Somatotrophin

Question 16

Which hormone mediates “growth hormone” for cartilage?

Answer 16

Somatomedin

Question 17

Which hormone inhibits Growth Hormone?

Answer 17

Somatotrophin

Question 18

Where is Somatomedin produced?

Answer 18

Liver

Question 19

Excess Growth Hormone causes what condition before growth centers close?

Answer 19

Gigantism

Question 20

Excess Growth Hormone after growth centers close causes what condition?

Answer 20

Acromegaly

Question 21

What is the most common sign of Acromegaly?

Answer 21

Increase in jaw size

Question 22

A deficiency in Growth Hormone cause what condition?

Answer 22

Dwarfism (MC = achondroplasia)

Question 23

What is the target for Luteinizing Hormone in the female?

Answer 23

Ovaries

Question 24

What is the target organ for luteinizing Hormone in the male?

Answer 24

Testes

Question 25

What is the action of luteinizing Hormone in a female? (2)

Answer 25

1. Ovulation | 2. Forms corpus luteum to make progesterone

Question 26

Which phase of the menstrual cycle occurs when LH forms corpus luteum to make progesterone?

Answer 26

Secretory phase

Question 27

What does Luteinizing Hormone stimulate in the male?

Answer 27

Testosterone production

Question 28

Which cells produce testosterone?

Answer 28

Interstitial cells of Leydig

Question 29

Where does melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) have its effect?

Answer 29

in basement layer of epidermis (striatum germinativum)

Question 30

What is the main action of the thyroid?

Answer 30

Maintains BMR

Question 31

Where is T3 made in relation to cells?

Answer 31

Inside the cell

Question 32

What is the function of calcium?

Answer 32

controls sodium gates to keep them closed

Question 33

Elevated calcium levels have what effect on muscles?

Answer 33

muscular weakness