Hormones Flashcards
What is “Brain sand” ?
degenerated pineal gland caused by Flouride
What is another name for the pineal gland?
epithalamus
What does the pineal gland produce?
Melatonin
What is the order to melatonin production?
tryptophan → serotonin → melatonin
How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary gland?
via Releasing Factors/Stimulating factors
How does the hypothalamus communicate with the posterior pituitary gland?
via direct axonal connection
What is another name for the anterior pituitary gland?
Adenohypophysis
What is another name for the posterior pituitary gland?
Neurohypophysis
What is the embryonic origin of the Adenohypophysis?
Rathke’s pouch (aka surface/oral ectoderm)
A deficiency in ACTH (Adrenocorticotropin Hormone) causes what disease?
Addison’s
What are characteristics of Addison’s disease?
Low blood pressure, Hyper-pigmented/Bronze mouth and face
What are the supporting cells of the testes?
Sertoli cells
What is another name for Growth Hormone?
Somatotrophin
Growth Hormone targets all tissues except which?
cartilage
Somatostatin release triggered by hypothalamus shuts off which hormone?
Somatotrophin
Which hormone mediates “growth hormone” for cartilage?
Somatomedin
Which hormone inhibits Growth Hormone?
Somatotrophin
Where is Somatomedin produced?
Liver
Excess Growth Hormone causes what condition before growth centers close?
Gigantism
Excess Growth Hormone after growth centers close causes what condition?
Acromegaly
What is the most common sign of Acromegaly?
Increase in jaw size
A deficiency in Growth Hormone cause what condition?
Dwarfism (MC = achondroplasia)
What is the target for Luteinizing Hormone in the female?
Ovaries
What is the target organ for luteinizing Hormone in the male?
Testes
What is the action of luteinizing Hormone in a female? (2)
- Ovulation
2. Forms corpus luteum to make progesterone
Which phase of the menstrual cycle occurs when LH forms corpus luteum to make progesterone?
Secretory phase
What does Luteinizing Hormone stimulate in the male?
Testosterone production
Which cells produce testosterone?
Interstitial cells of Leydig
Where does melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) have its effect?
in basement layer of epidermis (striatum germinativum)
What is the main action of the thyroid?
Maintains BMR
Where is T3 made in relation to cells?
Inside the cell
What is the function of calcium?
controls sodium gates to keep them closed
Elevated calcium levels have what effect on muscles?
muscular weakness
