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Physiology > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What is “Brain sand” ?

A

degenerated pineal gland caused by Flouride

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2
Q

What is another name for the pineal gland?

A

epithalamus

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3
Q

What does the pineal gland produce?

A

Melatonin

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4
Q

What is the order to melatonin production?

A

tryptophan → serotonin → melatonin

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5
Q

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary gland?

A

via Releasing Factors/Stimulating factors

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6
Q

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the posterior pituitary gland?

A

via direct axonal connection

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7
Q

What is another name for the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Adenohypophysis

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8
Q

What is another name for the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Neurohypophysis

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9
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the Adenohypophysis?

A

Rathke’s pouch (aka surface/oral ectoderm)

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10
Q

A deficiency in ACTH (Adrenocorticotropin Hormone) causes what disease?

A

Addison’s

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11
Q

What are characteristics of Addison’s disease?

A

Low blood pressure, Hyper-pigmented/Bronze mouth and face

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12
Q

What are the supporting cells of the testes?

A

Sertoli cells

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13
Q

What is another name for Growth Hormone?

A

Somatotrophin

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14
Q

Growth Hormone targets all tissues except which?

A

cartilage

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15
Q

Somatostatin release triggered by hypothalamus shuts off which hormone?

A

Somatotrophin

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16
Q

Which hormone mediates “growth hormone” for cartilage?

A

Somatomedin

17
Q

Which hormone inhibits Growth Hormone?

A

Somatotrophin

18
Q

Where is Somatomedin produced?

A

Liver

19
Q

Excess Growth Hormone causes what condition before growth centers close?

A

Gigantism

20
Q

Excess Growth Hormone after growth centers close causes what condition?

A

Acromegaly

21
Q

What is the most common sign of Acromegaly?

A

Increase in jaw size

22
Q

A deficiency in Growth Hormone cause what condition?

A

Dwarfism (MC = achondroplasia)

23
Q

What is the target for Luteinizing Hormone in the female?

A

Ovaries

24
Q

What is the target organ for luteinizing Hormone in the male?

A

Testes

25
Q

What is the action of luteinizing Hormone in a female? (2)

A
  1. Ovulation

2. Forms corpus luteum to make progesterone

26
Q

Which phase of the menstrual cycle occurs when LH forms corpus luteum to make progesterone?

A

Secretory phase

27
Q

What does Luteinizing Hormone stimulate in the male?

A

Testosterone production

28
Q

Which cells produce testosterone?

A

Interstitial cells of Leydig

29
Q

Where does melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) have its effect?

A

in basement layer of epidermis (striatum germinativum)

30
Q

What is the main action of the thyroid?

A

Maintains BMR

31
Q

Where is T3 made in relation to cells?

A

Inside the cell

32
Q

What is the function of calcium?

A

controls sodium gates to keep them closed

33
Q

Elevated calcium levels have what effect on muscles?

A

muscular weakness

Physiology (6 decks)

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