hormonal responses to exercise - week 2

Question 1

how is plasma glucose maintained ??(4)

Answer 1

mobilisation of glucose from liver stores

mobilisation of FFA from adipose tissue

glucogenesis from amino acids/lactic acids/glycerol

blocking entry of glucose into cells

Question 2

give examples of hormones that are slow acting involved in blood glucose

Answer 2

thyroxine

cortisol

growth

Question 3

give examples of fast acting hormones involved in blood glucose homeostasis

Answer 3

epinephrine

norepinephrine

insulin

glucagon

Question 4

how does thyroid hormones effect us during exercise ?

Answer 4

slow acting

during stress increased levels

helps facilitate other hormones and reactions/ interactions

Question 5

what is T3 role as a hormone ?

Answer 5

enhances effect of epinephrine to mobilise FFAs from adipose tissue

Question 6

why is growth hormones essential for growth of all tissues?

Answer 6

increases amino acid uptake

protein synthesis

Question 7

how does growth hormones relate to spare plasma glucose? (3)

Answer 7

reduces use of plasma glucose- preserves concentration

increases gluconeogenesis

mobilises fatty acids from adipose tissue

Question 8

what can growth hormones be used for ? (3)

Answer 8

childhood dwarfism

athletes - hard to detect

elderly - wuecstioable benefits for anti-aging

Question 9

what is cortisol?

Answer 9

slow acting steroid hormone derived from cholesterol

secreted from the adrenal cortex

Question 10

what is cortisol stimulated by ? (2)

Answer 10

stress - adrenocorticotropic hormone

exercise

Question 11

what is role of cortisol ? (3)

Answer 11

negative feedback loop

increases under stress

contributes to maintenance of plasma glucose

Question 12

what happens to cortisol during exercise ??

Answer 12

directly proportional to exercise intensity

changes in cortisol is related to repair of exercise induced tissue damage

Question 13

what is catecholamines ? (3)

Answer 13

known as adrenaline and noradrenaline

secreted from the adrenal medulla

part of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 14

what is epinephrine ?

Answer 14

primary secretion/ secreter

Question 15

what is noradrenaline ? (3)

Answer 15

a neurotransmitter

activates the NS and other hormones

part of fight or flight

Question 16

what happens to catecholamines during exercise ? (2)

Answer 16

both concentrations increase in plasma
- symp NS activation

the more training someone has, the less its secreted/ greater capacity to control the levels

Question 17

how does glycogenolysis relate to exercise ?

Answer 17

high intensity results in greater and rapid glycogen depletion

Question 18

what is the role of plasma epinephrine in exercise ?? (2)

Answer 18

plasma epinephrine is simulator of glycogenolysis

greater increase of plasma epinephrine at high intensity at quicker speed

Question 19

when plasma epinephrine is blocked, what still occurs ??

Answer 19

glycogen depletion still occurs

Question 20

why does glycogen depletion still occur ??

Answer 20

breakdown is under dual control

important extracelluar and intracellular

Question 21

what is the role of the pancreas? (3)

Answer 21

has both exocrine and endocrine functions

secretes insulin

secretes glucagon

Question 22

what is role of insulin ?

Answer 22

promotes storage of glucose, amino acids and fats

Question 23

what is the role of glucagon ?

Answer 23

promotes mobilisation of fatty acids and glucose

stimulates gluconeogenesis

Question 24

what happens to plasma insulin during exercise ? (2)

Answer 24

moderate intensity exercise decreases insulin concentrations

favours mobilisation of glucose from liver and FFA from adipose tissue

Question 25

what happens to plasma glucagon during exercise ?

Answer 25

person who is endurance trained will have little increase during exercise compared to someone untrained

Question 26

how does exercise effect catecholamines on insulin/glucagon secretion ? (3)

Answer 26

when plasma glucose is constant the SNS can modify hormone secretion

trained person has decreased stimulation of the pancreas

able to maintain glucose levels more efficiently

Question 27

during high intensity exercise what happens to FFA oxidation ?

Answer 27

FFA oxidation decreases

glucose is used more

can be due to insufficient blood flow to adipose tissue

Question 28

how does training effect FFA mobilisation ?

Answer 28

training increases mitochondria so they can use more fat as a fuel and spare limited CHO