hormonal communication

Question 1

what is the difference between steroid hormones and non-steroid hormones

Answer 1

steroid

• lipid soluble
• pass though cell membrane

non-steroid

• hydrophilic
• cant pass through plasma membrane
• bind to receptors on membrane

Question 2

what is a gland

Answer 2

group of specialised cells that secrete chemicals (hormones)

Question 3

how does hormonal communication difference to neuronal

Answer 3

chemicals
through blood
widespread
long lasting effect
slow response

Question 4

describe the suture of adrenal glands

Answer 4

2 regions surrounded by capsule

adrenal cortex

• outer region
• produces hormones vital to life

adrenal medulla

• innger region
• non essential hormones e.g. adrenalin

Question 5

name hormones produces by adrenal cortex

Answer 5

glucocorticoids
-regulate metabolism + blood pressure
mineralocorticoids
-control blood pressure
androgens
-small amounts of sex hormones released

Question 6

name the hormones produces by the adrenal medulla and their functions

Answer 6

adrenalin
-increase heart rate
-increase blood glucose (converts glycogen to glucose)
noradrenaline
-works with adrenaline in response to stress
-dilates pupils and increased heart rate

Question 7

name the roles of the pancreas

Answer 7

role as an exocrine gland
-mostly made up of exocrine glandular tissue
-responsible for producing digestive enzymes
-amylase, lipase, proteases
role as an endocrine gland
-produces insulin (islets of langerhan) and glucagon

Question 8

name ways to increase blood glucose conc

Answer 8

diet (carbs)
glycogenolysis (glycogen broken down into glucose)
gluconeogenesis (produce glucose from non-carb source)

Question 9

name ways to decrease blood glucose conc

Answer 9

respiration (used up by cells for energy)

glycogenesis (convert glucose to glycogen)

Question 10

how does insulin regulate blood glucose

Answer 10

produced by B cells of islets of langerhan if they detect blood glucose is too high
all cells have insulin receptors
insulin binds to cells causing change in tertiary structure of glucose transport protein channels
channels open so more glucose enters
insulin activates enzymes that convert glucose to glycogen

Question 11

what is the role of glucagon

Answer 11

produced by a cells of islets of langerhan
detects low blood glucose
causes glycogenolysis (glycogen break down to glucose)

Question 12

what are the treatments for types of diabetes

Answer 12

type 1
-regular injections of insulin (insulin dependant)

type 2

• regulate carb intake
• increase exercise