enzymes Flashcards
describe the reactions needed for growth
anabolic (require energy)
all catalysed by enzymes
what is metabolism
sum of different pathways + reactions happening in a cell/ organism
what is Vmax
max increase in rate of reactions enzymes can cause
what is activation energy
energy needs to be supplied for reaction to start
describe the induced fit hypothesis
active site of enzymes changes slightly as substrate enters
interaction between enzyme+ substrate is weak
enzyme tertiary structure changes
strengthens interaction + puts strain on substrate
weakens bonds in substrate so activation energy is lowered
describe the digestion of starch
amylase
- made in salivary glands + pancreas
- breaks down starch into maltose
maltase
- present in small intestine
- breaks down maltose to glucose
glucose is small enough to be absorbed by cells lining digestive system
describe the digestion of protein
tryspin is a type or protease
break down proteins into smaller peptides which can be broken down into amino acids
absorbed by cells lining digestive system
absorbed by bloodstream
what is temperature coefficient
Q10
how much rate of reaction increased with a 10oC temp rise
is Q10 is 2 then rate is 2x faster
what type of pH has a high hydrogen ion conc
low pH (acid)
what is Vmax
max rate of reaction due to increased enzyme/ substrate conc
where do non-competitive inhibitors bind on enzymes
allosteric site
what are cofactors
non protein helper component
what is a co enzyme
organic cofactor
-derived from vitamins in diet
(inorganic derived from minerals in diet)
what are precursor enzymes
enzymes produced in inactive form
undergo change is shape to become activated
- by addition of cofactor
