Hormonal communication Flashcards
What does insulin do?
Triggers glucose to be converted into glycogen for storage
What does glucagon do?
Triggers glycogen to be converted into glucose when blood levels drop too low
Where are adrenal glands located?
Above the kidneys
What does the adrenal medulla do?
Secretes adrenaline
What does the adrenal cortex do?
Secretes steroid hormones
What’s the process of returning blood glucose concentration back to normal using insulin?
Negative feedback
Where are beta cells located?
In the Islets of Langerhan
What is glycogenesis?
Conversion of glucose to glycogen
What hormone returns blood glucose levels back to normal when blood glucose levels decerase?
Glucagon
What cells detect low blood glucose concentration?
Alpha cells
What cells detect high blood glucose concentration?
Beta cells
What is glucogenolysis?
Conversion of glycogen to glucose
What is gluconeogenesis?
Conversion of glycerol + amino acids to glucose
What can’t people with Type 1 diabetes produce?
Insulin
What is Type 1 diabetes caused by?
When beta cells are attacked by the immune system
What is hyperglycaemia?
High blood glucose levels
How is type 1 diabetes treated?
Insulin therapy (injected/ insulin pump)
What’s hypoglycaemia?
Low blood glucose levels
What’s diabetes mellitus?
A chronic condition where sufferers cannot properly control blood glucose concentration
What is type 2 diabetes correlated with?
Obesity, lack of exercise, age, family history
What is type 2 diabetes caused by?
When beta cells stop producing insulin & muscle and When liver cells strop responding to insulin
How is type 2 diabetes treated?
Healthy diet, exercising, medication
What is the normal blood glucose concentration?
90 mg per 100cm^-3
What are 2 examples of primary messengers?
Adrenaline and glucagon
What are primary messengers?
Hormones that don’t enter the cell