Animal transport

Question 1

What does myogenic mean?

Answer 1

The heart’s contraction is initiated within the muscle itself, rather than by nerve impulses

Question 2

Where’s the bicuspid valve found?

Answer 2

Between left atrium and ventricle

Question 3

Where’s the tricuspid valve found?

Answer 3

Between right atrium and ventricle

Question 4

What does AVN do to the impulse?

Answer 4

Receives it from SAN, delays it & conveys it to Purkinje fibres

Question 5

What’s an ectopic heartbeat?

Answer 5

Having early or extra heartbeats

Question 6

What’s a fibrillation heartbeat?

Answer 6

Irregular, fast heartbeats

Question 7

What’s meant by affinity for oxygen?

Answer 7

The degree to which oxygen tends to combine with haemoglobin

Question 8

What way does dissociation curve shift with fetal haemoglobin?

Answer 8

To the left

Question 9

What way does dissociation curve shift with Bohr effect?

Answer 9

To the right

Question 10

What’s tissue fluid made from?

Answer 10

Substances that leave the blood plasma e.g., oxygen, water and nutrients

Question 11

What doesn’t tissue fluid contain?

Answer 11

Large proteins of RBC

Question 12

What’s hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 12

The pressure exerted by a liquid

Question 13

What’s water potential?

Answer 13

The likelihood of water molecules diffusing in/out of a solution

Question 14

What’s the composition of blood?

Answer 14

RBC, WBC, Platelets, Proteins, Water, Dissolved solutes

Question 15

What’s the composition of tissue fluid?

Answer 15

Few WBC (only enter when there’s an infection), Very few proteins, Water, Dissolved solutes

Question 16

What’s the composition of Lymph?

Answer 16

WBC, Only antibody proteins, Water dissolved solutes

Question 17

What does opening/ closing of valves depend on?

Answer 17

Relative pressure of heart chambers

Question 18

What’s the first ‘lub’ of the ‘lub-dub’ heartbeat caused by?

Answer 18

The atrioventricular valves closing

Question 19

What’s the second ‘dub’ of the ‘lub-dub’ heartbeat caused by?

Answer 19

The semi-lunar valves closing

Question 20

What’s the cardiac cycle?

Answer 20

The ongoing sequence of the contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles that keeps blood continuously circulating around the body

Question 21

What is cardiac musle?

Answer 21

Myogenic

Question 22

What is the SAN?

Answer 22

Pacemaker (sets rhythm of heartbeat)

Question 23

What prevents waves of electrical activity from being passed from atria to venticles?

Answer 23

Non-conducting tissue

Question 24

Why is there a delay before AVN reacts?

Answer 24

Makes sure atria are fully empty before ventricles contract

Question 25

What are waves of electrical activity initiated by the SAN also called?

Answer 25

Waves of excitation

Question 26

What does the height of wave on the electrocardiogram mean?

Answer 26

The amount of electrical charge is passing through the heart

(e.g., bigger wave = more electrical charge = stronger contraction)

Question 27

Who might a slow heart rate be normal in?

Answer 27

Trained athletes

Question 28

What’s an ectopic heartbeat?

Answer 28

When there’s an earlier contraction of the atria (or ventricles)

Question 29

What’s fibrillation?

Answer 29

Irregular heartbeat

Question 30

What’s the role of the Purkyne tissue?

Answer 30

Carries wave of electrical activity into muscular ventricle walls, causing them to contract from bottom up

Question 31

What’s partial pressure of oxygen?

Answer 31

A measure of oxygen concentration

Question 32

What do oxygen dissociation curves show?

Answer 32

How saturated the haemoglobin is with oxygen at any given partial pressure

Question 33

What’s the partial pressure of carbon dioxide?

Answer 33

A measure of the carbon dioxide concentration in a cell

Question 34

Why does hydrostatic pressure decrease as blood moves away from the heart?

Answer 34

• Divides into smaller blood vessels
• Larger total lumen/ cross-sectional area
• Fluid moves out of capillary
• Arteries stretch