hormonal

Question 1

biguanides

method of action:
uses:
side effect:
contraindications:
examples:

Answer 1

Method of Action: Increased glucose uptake by cells and reduced gluconeogenesis

Uses: Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Side effect: Weight gain, diarrhoea, bloating

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, severe renal disease, previous MI

Example: Metformin

Question 2

sulphonylureas

method of action:
uses:
side effect:
contraindications:
examples:

Answer 2

Method of Action: Act to increase insulin secretion

Uses: Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Side effect: Weight gain, diarrhoea, bloating

Contraindications:

Example: Glicalzide

Question 3

GLP-I receptor agonist

method of action:
uses:
side effect:
contraindications:

Answer 3

Method of Action: Mimics GLP-1 to cause satiety, aiding in weight loss

Uses: Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Side effect: Nausea or vomiting

Contraindications:

Question 4

DPP4 inhibitors

method of action:
uses:
side effect:
contraindications:

Answer 4

Method of Action: Prevents the breakdown of GLP1 causing satiety

Uses: Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Side effect: Nausea or vomiting

Contraindications:

Question 5

SGLT2 inhibitors

method of action:
uses:
side effect:
contraindications:

Answer 5

Method of Action: Increased glucose excretion from the kidney

Uses: Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Side effect: Nausea or vomiting

Contraindications:

Question 6

insulin

method of action:
uses:
side effect:
contraindications:
examples:

Answer 6

Method of Action: Binds to insulin receptors increasing glucose uptake and glycogenesis as well as reducing gluconeogenesis

Uses: Treatment of type 1 DM or insulin dependent type 2 DM

Side effect: Weight gain or hypoglycaemia

Contraindications: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, hypersensitivity

Example: Oral insulin, Continuous perfusion pump

Question 7

desmopressin

method of action:
uses:
side effect:
contraindications:
examples:

Answer 7

Method of Action: Stimulates production and release of Von Willebrand Factor to cause clotting, a synthetic version of ADH so increases water reabsorption from the distal tubule of the kidney nephrons

Uses: Diabetes insipidus, bed wetting, haemophilia A (mild) and von Willebrand disease

Side effect: Nausea, vomiting, low blood sodium,

Contraindications: Hypertension, low blood sodium, heart failure, kidney disease (with loss of function)

Example: DDAVP