hoplite army

Question 1

what are our accounts of bronze age warfare?

Answer 1

concentrated on individual named warriors without knowing the supporting fighters

Question 2

what was the shift in warfare styles between the bronze ages andd the iron ages

Answer 2

shift away from individual motivated warriors toward groups of soldiers working together as cohesive units

Question 3

what did the shift in warfare emerge alongside?

Answer 3

the development of the polis

Question 4

why did warfare shift towards groups of soldiers?

Answer 4

citizen soldiers display pride in belonging to their polis and fighting on behave of it

Question 5

when did the development of warfare and polis occur?

Answer 5

750 BCE

Question 6

what are some ways the warfare and polis development occured?

Answer 6

social changes
political changes
economic changes
demographical changes
technological changes
combination of factors

Question 7

what did hoplite soldiers wear?

Answer 7

heavy infantry
helmet
cuirass/ corselet
greaves
spear
shortsword
round sheild

Question 8

what do massed ranks require?

Answer 8

cooperation and communal participation

Question 9

how was the phalanx organised?

Answer 9

in rows

Question 10

what was the primary tactical choice for the phalanx?

Answer 10

whether to make it wider or deeper

Question 11

how was the spear and sheild held?

Answer 11

spear is held in the right hand
shield protects left side of boday and partially the right side of the soldier next to you

Question 12

how was the battle battled?

Answer 12

largely advance-push-shove and attack your opponent above or below the shield with your spear

Question 13

what happend if the phalanx collapses?

Answer 13

end of the battle
losing side retreats
winning side collects armour and weapons

Question 14

what happens to prisoners from a battle?

Answer 14

they are taken for ransom or sale as slaves

Question 15

what happens to the dead after the battle?

Answer 15

the winners burry or retreave their dead first and then leaves allowing the soding side to do the same

Question 16

why did battles between poleis occur?

Answer 16

over territory commerce or neighbouring a third party

Question 17

who was made to battle?

Answer 17

all male citizens who were fit to fight aged 18-45

Question 18

were there any excuses for men required to fight?

Answer 18

yes agricultural needs, religious festivals

Question 19

how long did battles last and when did they happen?

Answer 19

battles were short and over in a couple of hours, normally happened in the summer months

Question 20

what were the rules of battle?

Answer 20

-not generally protracted campaigns
-no pursuits, ambushes, or seiges
-little distruction of property
-few casualities (5% winning 10-15% losing side)

Question 21

what did training and fighting in a unit inforce?

Answer 21

-same community, kin, friends
-comradeship
-commanders fighting alongside evryone else
-pride in belonging to and defending the polis
-sense of equality

Question 22

what was expected of fighters in return?

Answer 22

-more civic honour and political participation

Question 23

what does the hoplite class become?

Answer 23

a new social class- middle class (largest dominant group)

Question 24

who provided the armour for the hoplite?

Answer 24

each warrior had to provide their own armour however only some could afford it

Question 25

when was there light infantry?

Answer 25

-in classical period
-in the archaic period

Question 26

in the light infantry of the archaic period, what was used for armour?

Answer 26

animal skinds and leather