archaic colonization and lelantine war

Question 1

before colonization when did settlement occur?

Answer 1

1150-900 BCE

Question 2

why did migrations occur?

Answer 2

in response to whatever catastrophe caused the bronze age collapse and the difficulties of early iron age

Question 3

why is it just settlement and not colonization?

Answer 3

settlers are not of common origin

Question 4

what happened to the trading routes from the bronze age?

Answer 4

traffic declined during the early iron age but from 800 BCE traffic began rising again

Question 5

what were the two most important trading posts that we know of?

Answer 5

Al Mina in the levant
Pithecusae

Question 6

what was the greek trading post at Al Mina known for?

Answer 6

-luxury products
-interaction between greeks and phoenicians
-abundance of greek ceramics dated to 770-750 BCE

Question 7

what was the greek trading post at pithecusae important for?

Answer 7

-mineral resources
-770 BCE

Question 8

what did trading posts give knowledge to?

Answer 8

-where best sites were
-where trade possible with natives

Question 9

what were trading posts for?

Answer 9

porfit not for colonization

Question 10

what is colonization?

Answer 10

organized movement of groups of greeks from the same community, founding a new community elsewhere
-sometimes seizing unoccupied land
-sometimes driving off or enslaving local populations

Question 11

when does colonizition occur?

Answer 11

730-580 BCE

Question 12

what were the colonies founded on the style of?

Answer 12

the polis, with an urban center and an agricultural territory

Question 13

where were colonies established?

Answer 13

throughout the medeterrainean, north african and black sea coastline

Question 14

what was common between most of the colonies?

Answer 14

mostly maritime settlements
mostly mediterranean-type climates

Question 15

what was preferred in the sites the greeks chose to take over?

Answer 15

-preferred ininhabited sites
-prefered badly organized habited sites (easy to take over)
-preffered easily defensible sites

Question 16

how was land distributed in new colonies?

Answer 16

first settlers got the best land closest to the center, anyone coming later got land but not as good and farther away

Question 17

what are the reasons for colonization?

Answer 17

-land hunger/ limits of the land
-opportunism
-stasis

Question 18

what are traits of land hunger/land limits?

Answer 18

-population growing but food and space shortages
-geographical limitations on expansion
-expansion limited by other settlements or people
-sons inheriting land had to split it-making it too small to support a family

Question 19

what are traits of opportunism?

Answer 19

-for the better off- if they were not aristocratic enough to be a ruler in their city, moving gave them oppurtunity to rule
-for the ordinary people- oppurtunity to escape rulers who governed in their own aristocratic interests
-desire to become more powerful by succuring resources outside greek mainland

Question 20

what is stasis?

Answer 20

social conflict between the classes
-colonization a way of maintaining security by removing political troublemakers

Question 21

what is cause of stasis within the aristocracy?

Answer 21

squabling for honor and power

Question 22

what is cause of stasis within the middle class?

Answer 22

wanted a share in the honor and the power
-demands for redistribution of land, cancellation of debts
-demands for a more transparent form of government

Question 23

what is cause of stasis within the lower class?

Answer 23

worsening conditions as the other classes did well
-demands for justice

Question 24

what are the 5 consequences of colonization and the polis system?

Answer 24

1. colonists who had fared badly in their mother state due to old familial system of protery ownership unlikely to want to continue this policy in the new colony
2. colonization leads to an increase in trade and industry
   3.power bases eroded
3. polis
4. poor free citizens do not necessarily sharre in all these advantages

Question 25

what are traits of the first consequence?

Answer 25

-personal land ownership (not family) inherited by one son only to manage land
-idea of family estates disappearing, replaced by private holdings-power of ancestral family decreasing, power of colony/polis increasing

Question 26

what are traits of the second consequence?

Answer 26

-larger town populations, more land and successful agriculture, fewer dependant on agriculture
-agriculture less important as a measure of wealth, wealth no longer dependant on inheritance
-power based on quired wealth not birth
-needed more slaves from an organized slave system (a profitable entreprise)

Question 27

what are traits of the third consequence?

Answer 27

-initially challenges to authority of basileus by groups of aristoi
-then, challenges to aristoi by middle class
-more citizens involved in government

Question 28

what are traits of the forth consequence?

Answer 28

-encourages communal values/loyalty whin city
-move away from honoring ancestors of family to honoring ancestors of cuty
-encourages political participation- political participation requires rational argument and persuasive speech
-greeks see themselves as free people with the right to be involved in the running of their polis - greek civilization cultivates these qualities
-encourages conflict with other poleis

Question 29

what is the lelantine war?

Answer 29

a minor war between chalcis and eretria over the lelantine plain after the two poleis had been leading and cooperating in the colonization of the mediterranean

Question 30

why was the lelantine war such a big deal?

Answer 30

because most of greece and all the poleis became involved by taking sides with one or the other

Question 31

how long did this war last?

Answer 31

735-704 BCE

Question 32

what were the repercussions of the conflict?

Answer 32

the cities on the side of eretria never got advice and approval from the oracle at delphi for the founding of colonies

Question 33

what was the one exception for the oracle approval?

Answer 33

messenia (had been on the eretrian side) asked for colony advice and approval from the oracle

Question 33

why was messenia approved for a colony?

Answer 33

messenia founding a colony was good for sparta and sparta had supported chalcis

Question 34

what were alliance for the persian war based on?

Answer 34

the grounds of the sides taken in the lelantine war

Question 35

although the lelantine war was minor what were the two facts that make it noticable?

Answer 35

-it was the first substantial military event in greek historical period
-it was likely the last occurence of pre-hoplite fighting